23/3/22 Flashcards
In what condition are Heinz bodies found?
What are they?
G6PD Deficency
Nucleated RBC - precursors of normal RBC - occur due to body needing to produce RBC quickly normally in response to haemolytic crisis
What is meant by the term hemosiderosis?
Iron overload in organs or tissues
How do you manage small and large bleeds in haemophilia A?
Small
- desmopressin - increases vWF - transports VIII
- tranexmic acid - increases clot size
A = VIII
Large
- IV infusion of VIII
Describe the fibrinogen, fibrin and D-dimer levels in DIC?
What situations do you commonly get DIC?
Fibrinogen decreases
Fibrin - increases (making lots of clots)
D-dimer levels increase (also breaking down lots of clots)
DIC
Delivery - obstertic emergencies
Infections/immunological
Cancer and other malignancies
What should be done with men with an unexplained iron deficent anaemia?
Refer to gastroenterology urgently
What is the first line drug used in essential thrombocytosis?
Hydroxyurea
A patient with the following blood abnormalities having had recent bleeding in unusual places has presented with no history of any infection and no infection on testing. What are they likely to have?
High granulocytes +/- high rbc +/- high platelet +/- eosinophilia/basinophilia
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms/disorders
In terms of chronic myeloproflierative neoplasms what is the name of the one that causes:
- proliferation of RBC
- proliferation of platelets
- fibrosis of bone marrow
RBC - polycythaemia vera
Platelets - essential thrombocythaemia
Bone marrow - primary myelofibrosis
Blast cells = what condition?
Acute leukaemia
What is thrombophillia?
A mutation in what is the most common cause?
How does it present in clinic?
Thrombophillia is a deficency of the body’s own AC - so leads to an increase in fibrin rich clots
(remember fibrin rich clots = venous clots)
Unprovoked DVT and PE and will have a family history
Factor V - most commonly (Protein C + S can’t shut it off)
To be categorised as B stage in lymphoma you need to have the presence of B symptoms. What are they?
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) is the most appropriate treatment for PTSD except for in which circumstance?
Combat based
Then CBT first line
PTSD symptoms that last less than a month are referred to as?
Acute stress disorder
What is the side effect that is most commonly attributable to paitents stopping clozapine?
How is it managed?
Hypersalvation
Hyoscine
What is the name of the disorder where patients suffer from repetitive, involvuntary and purposeless movements e.g. lip smacking, pursing of lips and excessive blinking?
What type of drug can it happen as a side effect of?
Tardive dyskinesia
Typical anti-psychotics e.g. haloperidol
