19/4/22 Flashcards
What is the system used to measure neck of femur fractures?
Garden
What helps you to identify mechanical back pain over other causes/
Recurrrent and relapsing with NO neurological symptoms
What back apin is sudden and severe onset which is WORSE on COUGHING?
Acute disc tear
What is the mainstay of back pain treatment?
Phsyio and NSAIDS
If there is a nerve root compression between L4-5 what nerve is compressed?
L5 - always the latter of the roots
Lateral compression may compress the former root
What spinal levels does sciatic nerve correspond to?
What is the examination finding in sciatica?
L4-S3
Straight leg raise - streching opposite side causes pain in affected side
What blood results does sickle cell anaemia cause?
Normocytic anaemia w/ raised reticulocyte count
What medication is used for CML and CLL?
CML = iMatinib
CLL - iBrutinib (CLL is disorder mainly with B-cells)
What nerves are found at the cerbellopontine junction?
V
VII
VIII
commonly affected in acoustic neuromas
What drugs can be used to improve fertility in PCOS?
- weight loss
- clomifene - anti-oestrogen
- metoformin
How do you monitor LWMH?
What is its indication?
Anti-Xa
- doesn’t normally need monitoring but if it does anti-Xa
VTE prophylaxis in pregnancy
For how long post TOP can pregnancy test still be positive?
4 weeks
How can you tell the difference between conductive and sensironeural hearing loss on pure tone audiometry?
BC and AC match = sensironeural
Significant difference between AC and BC = conductive
How is vancomycin taken in C.diff infection?
ORAL - important
How does NEC present in babies?
After what condition is it most commonly seen?
Necrotising enteric colitis
Vomitting
Lethargy
Abdo distension
Resp distress syndrome
Most common bug in leg cellulitis?
Strep pyogenes
When a diabetic patient not on insulin goes into surgery. What are the only drugs that should be stopped?
SU (-ide) - stop morning dose
SGLT2 i - omit
All rest take as normal - do NOT stop and start patient on insulin
How do you diagnose osteomalacia?
Serum 25-OH cholacalciferol (vit D)
What hormone is a melanocyte stimulating hormone and causes hyperpigementation in Addison’s disease?
ACTH - low cortisol causes a drive in ACTH
2nd line for sinustits?
Doxycycline
How can you differ between PE and fat embolus?
Fat embolus
- rash will appear late
- neurological symptoms unlike in PE
What is delirium tremens?
Visual and auditory hallucinations with alcohol withdrawl
What is the spermatic cord made up of?
Vas/ductus deferens
Testicular artery
Pampinform venous plexus
Describe the relationship between the ureters and the vas deferens?
Ureters run behind the vas deferens
“water under the bridge”
What part of the penis does the urethra run through?
Where is it found?
What part of the penis engorges in blood during erection?
Corpus spongiosum - anterior surface (when erect)
Corpus cavernosum - 2 channels of that
What encapsulates the testis?
Tunica vaginalis
What is responsible for storage of mature sperm?
What is responsible for production of testoterone?
Where are sperm produced?
Storage of mature sperm = epidimyus
Production of testoterone = Leydig cells
Produced sperm = seminiferous tubules
Difference between vestibular migraine and neuritis?
Neuritis - singular episode
Migraine - multiple episodes are neeeded to be diagnosed
What kind of pressure is associated with CSF on lumbar puncture of paitent with bacterial meningitis?
High pressure with neutrophils
Explain the pharma management of dementia
Alzheimer’s/Lewy Body
ACh I (donepzil, galantamine, rivastigmine)
->
memantine
DO NOT use these drugs in frontotemporal
What is meant by ‘ideas of reference’?
Physotic symptom
Idea that ordinary occurrences that happen in day to day relate directly to the patient e.g. coded messages in the paper/news
If an SSRI is not working in a patient with depression - what can be done next?
Another type of SSRI can be trialed
How does UTI treatment change throughout pregnancy?
1st and 2nd trimester = nitrofuratonin
3rd trimeseter = trimethoprin
What is the parasite that causes malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
