23 - Roadway Ops Flashcards
What is the term for positioning a fire apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
What is the term that refers to the distance between moving traffic, the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer Space
What is the term that refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
What term is also known as an incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related raodway incident sheilded by the block?
Work Area
When units respond together in the same direction, they should what?
Remain in a single file
When the shoulder must be used for response, apparatus operators must use extreme caution and be aware of what?
Road signs, debris, guard rails, oversized or stopped vehicles, and standing water
How should median strip crossovers be marked in order to permit crossing over during response?
Authorized Vehicles Only
Proper apparaus positioning at an incident scene ensures what?
All of these
The engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing towards the work area to protect the pump operator. This is known as what position?
Fend-off
Going away from the incident space, on the upstream side, what is the proper order of safety items after the engine?
80 feet buffer space, 120 foot taper, and advanced warning
When additional apparatus are only required for adequate protection and are not needed for extrication, drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
On a roadway incident, where should the rescue position?
In front of the first-arriving engine in the most advantageous, tactical position for extrication functions and within the shielded area
What unit, regardless of the type, will take the position normally taken by the first-arriving engine company to shield the scene for membes, patients, and witnesses?
First unit
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize what, extending downstream to channel traffic away from the incident?
Vehicle mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area
Personnel who place cones or flares should do what to oncoming traffic?
Walk facing
When developing an incident action plan, Ics, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES, which stands for what?
Lookouts, communication, escape routes, and safety zones
If taking the primary blocking position behind a roadway fire could expose the engine to fire extension, how may the driver position?
At an increased distance behind the work area
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds? When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how many second?
6 & 3
The best combination of lights to provide maximum night visibility are what?
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, rear and front flood lights on and directed onto a cone and traffic directional boards operating
Virginia’s Incident Clearance Law is also known as what?
Move It
When operating on a roadway incident, upstream refers to
traffic approaching the scene
Designated median strip crossovers can be used by emergency apparatus only if
traffic flow is not obstructed in either direction
When an incident is involved in a HOV lane, consideration should be to
request additional units to block traffic on the nonincident side of markers
Apparatus placement on a roadway incident is determined by
apparatus driver and officer
When positioning at a roadway incident the “fend-off” position is
angle the vehicle, wheels away from scene but pump panel towards scene
The inside travel lane is located
left most lane in direction of travel
If a transport unit is first on scene of roadway incident, it will position
upstream prior to incident
When a suppression unit arrives to a residence prior to the transport unit, it should position
short of the address
When developing a roadway incident plan the acronym LCES stands for
lookouts, communications, escape route, safety zone
In regards to firefighting operations on roadways, which of the following is true
roadway preplans should include water supply options
If incident is during the day, all vehicles including emergency are on shoulder and traffic is slowly moving due to congestion, FD may
turn off emergency warning lights and replace with flashers
This is the first color the human eye loses to nighttime surroundings
red
A vehicle traveling at 50mph will travel how far per second
75 feet
Which of the following statements is true when working a roadway incident at night
opposing drivers can be completely blinded by headlights at 2.5 car lengths away
Virginia’s incident clearance law instructs civilians to
move vehicle from travel lanes when instructed by FD personnel
Prolonged lane closure increases the risk of a secondary incident, in fact
one minute of stoppage equals a 4-minute delay
Some primary objectives for roadway incident operations include the following except
speak to local news regarding traffic delays
The act of merging several moving lanes into fewer is called
taper
What vehicles are considered in the work area of a roadway incident with one engine and one transport unit
transport unit and involved vehicles
When multiple transport units are required on a roadway incident, parking them in this manner facilitates egress
diagponally in protected area
What is the definition of buffer space?
The distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic
How many feet should the buffer space be?
80 feet
What is the definition of downstream?
The direction that traffic is moving as it travels away from the incident scene
How many feet should a taper space be at least?
40 feet
What is the defiition of upstream?
The direction from which traffic is traveling as vehicles approach the incident scene
What does LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
On limited access highways, how many vehicles should be traveling in each direction?
At least one
When units respond together in the same direction, how should they travel
In single file
What should vehicle operators do when using the shoulder of the road?
Reduce their speed
When can designated median strip crossovers marked “Authorized Vehicles Only” be used?
When apparatus can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic in either travel direction and when all traffic movement has stopped
When if ever can the operator use the U-turn access points in a jersey barrier?
Only when the situation is necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
When can crews cross over lanes on foot?
When the roadway is completely shut down
What is lane 1?
The inside travel lane
What is lane 3?
The outside travel lane
Define the “Fend-off” position
When the front wheels are rotated away from the incident and the pump panel is facing toward the work area
How many sides of the incident may need to be protected at an intersection in the middle of the street?
Two or more sides
Blocking apparatus shall be placed how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe working area?
50 feet
How long is each lane marker?
10 feet
What is the first color to leave the spectrum?
Red
Roadways of speeds how many miles per hour or greater should have longer taper and buffer spaces
55 mph
The officer of the suppression unit should consider the appropriate Traffic Incident Level when the incident will seriously impact traffic. What are the levels?
Minor, intermediate, major
There are three time frames to help determine what level the highway incident is. What are they?
30 minutes or less, 30 minutes to 2 hours, 2 hors or more.
Un-necessarily closing or keeping lanes closed, greatly increases the risk of secondary incidents and back ups. For every minute traffic is stopped it causes how many minutes in delay?
4 minutes
From light to dark, the recovery is how many seconds? And from dark to light is how many seconds?
6 and 3 seconds
At 50 miles per hour what is the distance in feet traveled in a second?
75
Studies have found that when you get this many car lengths away from a vehicle with its head lights on you get blinded?
2 1/2 car lengths
Lane markers are how long and how far apart?
10 ‘ and 30’
You have positioned the apparatus just over a hill or curve. What shall you do to worn motorists coming to you?
Place a cone or flare prior to the hill
Before exiting the apparatus at an accident you shall ensure traffic is stopped, communicate to everyone traffic is stopped, look down and in all directions. Why?
For debris and hazards in all directions
Additional apparatus responding in to an accident scene shall park how many feet behind the first blocking apparatus?
50 feet
When an EMS unit parks at the scene they shall position for what?
Rapid egress from the scene
If the first dispatched engine is not the first arriving unit. What must the first arriving unit do?
Position to protect the scene
If taking primary blocking positioning behind the vehicle fire will expose the engine to fire extension, what should you do?
Position past the fire and have next in unit block
The lanes of a roadway are labeled from the left to the right. What are the correct names?
Lanes1, 2, 3
The engine shall be positioned at an angle to the lanes, the pump panel shall be words the work area. The steering wheels shall be rotated away from the incident. What is this called?
Fend-off
When using the should to respond to a call, there are many obstacles to watch out for. What of the following is NOT one?
Don?t use the shoulder
Anyone exposed to traffic, emergency vehicles, equipment with in an incident shall wear a high visibility vest that meets the requirements of who?
ANSI/ISEA
Situational awareness is the continuous responsibility of who?
Everyone
When shall a U-turn in a jersey barrier be used?
Lifesaving measures
When on a mulit- lane highway and vehicles are on both shoulders. When is it ok to cross lanes on foot?
When the roadway is shut down
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes called?
Taper
What is also known as incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block called?
Work area
Emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways should include at least how many units traveling in each direction?
1
All of the following except what are things apparatus operators must be aware of and use extreme caution while responding on the shoulder?
Dead animals
The use of U-turn access points between Jersey barriers presents an extreme hazard and should occur only when?
When nescessary for immediate lifesaving measures
When the responding apparatus’s route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, the apparatus operator should reduce speed and pass through the markers at what angle?
Shallow
Who is responsible for apparatus placement?
Driver & Officer
The first arriving engine should position where in regards to the incident?
Prior
What position for apparatus parking is placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the frontwheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator?
Fend-off
At intersections or where the incidnent may be near the middle of the street how many sides od the intersection may need protection?
2+
Drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how far behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50 feet
EMS units positioning on EMS calls should take priority position where?
In front of the incident address
Supression units, when responding with EMS units on EMS calls should position where?
Shield the back of the EMS unit
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator fo the first arriving supression unit should utilize everything except what?
Police units
When an incident requires multiple EMS transport units, drivers should consider positioning them how in the protected area to facilitate easy egress from the scene to the hospital?
Diagonally
In the acronym LCES, what does the C stand for?
Communications
Emergency warning lights may be turned off when all of the following conditions occur except what?
Warning lights must always remain activated
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
6
When the eye moves from dark to light, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
3
Level 2 traffic incidents impact the traveled roadway and is estimated to have lane blockage for 30 minutes - 2 hours is also called what?
Intermediate
Which type of operations represent the most common emergency responses?
Vehicle accident scenes
Which of the following is not one of the primary objectives for any roadway incident operations?
Develop alternative routes of travel
Which term is also commonly referred to as work area, and is the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block?
Incident space
What should an emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways include?
At least one unit traveling in each direction
In order to avoid confusing highway motorists about how to appropriately yield the right-of-way to emergency apparatus, units responding together in the same direction should take which type of approach?
Remain in single file
When the responding apparatus?s route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, how should the apparatus operator reduce speed and pass through the markers?
At a shallow angle
Who is responsible for establishing a work area allowing EMS units and the rescue company?or other company responsible for extrication?to safely position in proximity to the incident?
The officer of the first arriving suppression unit
What is referred to as the position designed to provide a barrier in the event a motorist strikes the engine, and in the unlikely event the engine moves upon impact, allows the motorist to travel in a direction away from the work area?
Fend-off
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize vehicle-mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area, extending in which direction to channel traffic away from the incident?
Downstream
All personnel must continuously maintain situational awareness in order to ensure incident work area safety. When developing an incident action plan, ICs, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES. What does ?S? in LCES stand for?
Safety zones
What term refers to positioning a fire department apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
What term refers to the distance between moving traffic and the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer space
What term is also known as incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block?
Work area
What term refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
What term involves the roadway lanes where approaching motorists change their speed and position to comply with traffic control measures established at an incident scene?
Transition zone
Name the position when the engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator.
Fend-off
Drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
6
How many seconds does vision recovery take when moving from dark to light?
3
Visibility becomes a more significant concern at night and presents a problem for fire department operators when using their warning lights systems. As the human eye adapts to the dark, which color blends into nighttime surroundings and becomes more difficult to see?
Red
Beginning July 1, 2012, all emergency responders within the right-of-way, who are either exposed to traffic or to emergency vehicles and equipment within the incident scene, shall wear what?
a traffic vest
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
To avoid the errant or distracted driver, responders should never?
turn their backs towards traffic. They should face traffic and remain alert at all times
The engine company shall be placed at an angle to the lanes, with the pump panel toward the work area to protect the pump operator and front wheels rotated away from the incident, this is called?
fend off position
How far should blocking apparatus be from the first arriving unit?
50 feet
How long should a buffer zone be on roadway emergencies?
80 feet
Roadways facilitating higher speeds should have longer Taper and Buffer Spaces at what MPH should they be greater?
55 MPH
On roadway incidents lane makers are how far apart?
10 feet in length and there is 30 feet between markers
As the human eye becomes adapted to the dark, the first color to leave the spectrum is?
red
From light to dark vision recovery takes at least how long?
6 seconds
When operating on a roadway incident which of the following lights needs to be dimmed or shut off?
headlights
Per VDOT what is a level 1 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be less than 30 minutes with no lane blockage or with minor lane blockage.
Per VDOT what is a level 2 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be between 30 minutes and 2 hours with lane blockages, but not full closure of the roadway.
Per VDOT what is a level 3 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be more than 2 hours, OR the roadway is closed in any single direction; significant area- wide congestion is expected.
Which of the following needs to be followed on all roadway incidents?
wear the appropriate PPE.
When units respond together in the same direction, they should?
follow in a single file line
What is the lane called that?s closest to the right shoulder?
outside travel lane 3
How long is a taper distance on a roadway incident?
120 feet
When responding to EMS calls, EMS units shall have the priority position to the?
front of the incident address with access to the driveway
What is the lanes of a roadway within which approaching motorists change
their speed and position to comply with the traffic control measures established at an
incident scene?
transition zone
Positioning apparatus on an angle to the lanes of traffic creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and work area is referred to as what?
Block
What is the space between moving traffic and personnel and vehicles in the protected work area called?
Buffer space
What does a unit responding from each direction result in?
No delay caused by misinformation
Designated median strip crossovers marked, ?Authorized Vehicles Only,? should be used when?
When you can make the complete turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
Where should the first arriving engine position?
prior to the incident
Placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area is known as what?
fend-off
How far behind the first operating unit should blocking apparatus position?
50’
Where should EMS units position?
past the incident but within the shielded work area
Where should EMS units position on residential roadways?
In front of the incident address
How should personnel place traffic cones or flares?
while facing oncoming traffic
What is the minimum protective clothing for operating on roadway incidents?
helmet and traffic vest
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape route, and Safety zones
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes how long?
six seconds
When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how long?
three seconds
At 50mph, a vehicle travevls approximately how far per second?
75’
How long of an additional travel delay does one minute of stopped traffic cause?
four minute
How many different levels of traffic incidents are there, as adopted by VDOT?
3
What are the different levels of traffic incidents?
Minor, Intermediate, Major
Which incident level is estimated to have a travel impact of more than two hours?
Major
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
What is the space between personnel and vehicles in the protected area and nearby moving traffic?
buffer space
What is the area where the vehicle-related roadway incident is being blocked by apparatus called?
incident space
what is the direction of travel of vehicles approaching the incident called?
upstream
when can “Authorized Vehicles Only” be used?
traffic is stop or can make the turn without obstructing flow in either direction
When can you go down a highway ramp the wrong way?
can confirm that oncoming traffic has been stopped
Which lane is called lane 1?
inside travel lane
Which lane is called lane 2?
middle travel lane
which lane is called lane 3?
outside travel lane
What position protect pump operator and wheel rotate away from incident?
fend-off
where should a suppressioin unit park when responding with an ems unit?
provide a shield for back of ems unit
how long is each lane marker on a highway?
10ft
how long is the space between each lane marker on a highway?
30ft
How far does a vehicle travel approximately at 50 mph?
75ft
How long does vision recover going from light to dark?
6 seconds
What highway incident takes less than 30 minutes?
level 1
What highway incident takes between 30 minutes and 2 hours?
level 2
What highway incident takes more than 2 hours?
level 3
what is best combination of lights to provide maxium night visibility?
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, spot lights on rear and front, traffic directionals boards operating
How far does a vehicle travel approximately at 50 mph for 6 seconds?
450ft
how long does vision recover going from dark to light?
3 seconds
Beginning July 1, 2012, all emergency responders within the right-of-way, who are either exposed to traffic or to emergency vehicles and equipment within the incident scene shall wear
high-visibility safety apparel
Firefighters or other emergency responders working within the right-of-way and engaged in emergency operations directly exposing them to flame, fire, heat, and/or hazardous materials shall wear
retroreflective turnout gear
LCES stands for
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
Emergency response to incidents on limited access highways should include at least
one unit traveling in each direction on the highway
When units respond together in the same direction
they should remain in single file
Designated median strip crossovers marked ?Authorized Vehicles Only? shall only be used when apparatus can complete the turn
without obstructing the flow of traffic in either travel direction, or when all traffic movement has stopped
Response to access/egress ramps should be in the normal direction of travel unless the officer can confirm that
the oncoming traffic has been stopped and that no civilian vehicles will be encountered on the ramp
The use of U-turn access points in ?Jersey? barriers is extremely hazardous and shall be used only when
the situation is necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
Fire and EMS crews shall avoid crossing over lanes of traffic on foot
Unless the roadway is completely shut down
Crossing ?Jersey? barriers, bridge railings, or physical barriers designed to keep vehicles on the roadway can be physically challenging and extremely dangerous of crew members and shall be
avoided whenever possible
To assist with identifying the location of incidents on the roadway in a clear manner, lanes shall be identified as
Inside Travel Lane, Middle Travel Lane, and Outside Travel Lane
The engine company shall be placed at an angle to the lanes, with the pump panel toward the work area to protect the pump operator and front wheels rotated away from the incident. This is known as a
?fend-off? position
The rescue or extrication company shall position in front of the
in front of the first-arriving engine
Blocking apparatus shall be placed how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe working area?
50
Where should EMS units position within the incident space in a manner that allows for rescue company functions, patient loading, and rapid egress from the scene?
past the incident
Where should Command and staff vehicles position to be within the incident space in a manner that facilitates command functions and allows for rescue company functions and patient loading into EMS vehicles?
past the incident
If taking the primary blocking position behind the fire will expose the engine to the possibility of fire extension
beyond the fire
If an EMS unit is going to operate on scene without a suppression unit, then they shall either
position off the roadway or use cones
Suppression units, when responding with EMS units, shall position to
provide a shield for the back of the EMS unit
Suppression pieces should remain on scene in position until
the EMS unit has left to transport the patient
The distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic is called?
Buffer space
The direction that traffic is moving as it travels away from the incident scene is called?
Down stream
The blocked area created by emergency apparatus is called?
Incident space
The lanes of a roadway in which approaching motorists change speed and lanes to comply with traffic control measures is called?
Transition zone
When shall personnel don approved high visibility apparel in lieu of turn out gear?
Once a incident is mitigated
To avoid errant or distracted drivers, responders should never do this?
Turn your back to traffic
To reduce confusion to motorists as they yield the right of way to emergency vehicles apparatus, we should ?
Drive in a single file line
Who is responsible for proper spotting and placement of the apparatus?
Driver and Officer
What is the length of the tapper space?
120’
What is the combined length of the taper and buffer space?
200’
When blocking at intersections or middle of the street, where do you block first?
Most critical
If a EMS unit is operating with out a suppression unit where is the preferer position?
Driveway
What is the first color from the spectrum of sight lost at night?
Red
When the operational phase of a multi lane shut down is complete what should be done to lower a safety concern with traffic?
Open lanes
What is the code number in Virginia for the Incident Clearance Law?
46.2-888
Over what posted speed on a road should the tapper length be increased?
55
Notification procedures that advice approaching motorists to transition from normal driving status is called?
Advanced warning
Managing a highway incident or multi jurisdictional incident, this is used to determine rolls and responsibility’s?
Joint Command
What is the minimum apparatus response for a highway incident in each direction?
1
Crossing “ Jersey barriers”, bridge railings, or physical barriers designed to keep vehicles on the road way can be?
Dangerous to cross
What is the term for positioning a fire apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
What is the term that refers to the distance between moving traffic, the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer Space
What is the term that refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
What term is also known as an incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related raodway incident sheilded by the block?
Work Area
When units respond together in the same direction, they should what?
Remain in a single file
When the shoulder must be used for response, apparatus operators must use extreme caution and be aware of what?
Road signs, debris, guard rails, oversized or stopped vehicles, and standing water
How should median strip crossovers be marked in order to permit crossing over during response?
Authorized Vehicles Only
Proper apparaus positioning at an incident scene ensures what?
All of these
The engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing towards the work area to protect the pump operator. This is known as what position?
Fend-off
Going away from the incident space, on the upstream side, what is the proper order of safety items after the engine?
80 feet buffer space, 120 foot taper, and advanced warning
When additional apparatus are only required for adequate protection and are not needed for extrication, drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
On a roadway incident, where should the rescue position?
In front of the first-arriving engine in the most advantageous, tactical position for extrication functions and within the shielded area
What unit, regardless of the type, will take the position normally taken by the first-arriving engine company to shield the scene for membes, patients, and witnesses?
First unit
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize what, extending downstream to channel traffic away from the incident?
Vehicle mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area
Personnel who place cones or flares should do what to oncoming traffic?
Walk facing
When developing an incident action plan, Ics, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES, which stands for what?
Lookouts, communication, escape routes, and safety zones
If taking the primary blocking position behind a roadway fire could expose the engine to fire extension, how may the driver position?
At an increased distance behind the work area
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds? When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how many second?
6 & 3
The best combination of lights to provide maximum night visibility are what?
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, rear and front flood lights on and directed onto a cone and traffic directional boards operating
Virginia’s Incident Clearance Law is also known as what?
Move It
What is the notification procedures that advise approaching motorists to transition from normal driving status to that required by the temporary emergency traffic control measures ahead of them?
Advance Warning
What is the distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic?
Buffer Space
What is the action of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Tapering
ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 regulates what?
High-visibility safety apparel
What does the “E” in the acronym LCES stand for?
Escape Routes
When can an apparatus use the designated median strip marked “Authorized Vehicles Only”?
Only when the apparatus can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic or when all traffic has stopped
When can an apparatus make a U-turn in between Jersey barriers?
Only when necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
Which of the following has the correct lane number with its corresponding location?
Inside travel lane is Lane 1
Blocking apparatus shall be placed at least how many feet behind the first operating unit?
50 feet
What type of unit shall have the priority position to the front of the incident address with access to the driveway?
EMS Unit
Prior to exiting an apparatus, members shall do all of the following except what?
Make sure that they are at the correct incident
Once a Buffer Space of how many feet has been established, cones shall be deployed.
80 feet
This should begin diagonally across the roadway beginning at the Buffer Space and working downstream toward traffic.
Taper space
A “taper” space should be at least how many feet?
one hundred twenty feet
Each lane marker is how many feet long?
10 feet
What is the space between lane markers?
30 feet
From light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
At least six seconds
What is the first color to leave the spectrum as the human eye becomes adapted to the dark?
Red
If not needed to illuminate the scene, a driver should turn off these lights.
Headlights
A level 2 highway incident will impact the roadway travel for how long?
30 minutes to 2 hours
What is the first objective for any roadway incident operation?
establish a safe operating area
Which of the following best describes a “buffer space”?
the distance between moving traffic and the personnel operating in the work area
Which of the following best describes traffic that is moving “upstream”?
the direction of traffic that is approaching the incident scene
Which of the following best describes traffic that is moving “downstream”?
the direction of traffic that is moving away from the incident scene
What is the best method to prevent confusing motorists when multiple units are responding in the same direction on a divided highway?
by responding in a single file
When is it appropriate for a driver operator to use a “U-turn” access point when responding to an incident on a decided highway?
when there is immediate lifesaving measures that must be completed
When responding in or near high occupancy vehicle lanes that contain flexible delineator markers, it is recommended that additional units are dispatched to block traffic on the:
nonincident side of the markers
In order to travel across the flexible delineator markers located on HOV lanes, the driver operator should:
reduce speed and pass at a shallow angle
Per the 2021 NOVA highway operational manual, how long of a taper space is necessary on a limited access highway?
120 feet
Per the 2021 NOVA highway operational manual, how long of a buffer space is necessary on a limited access highway?
80 feet
Per the 2021 NOVA highway operational manual, what is the total length of the taper and buffer space combined that necessary on a limited access highway?
200 feet
When approaching an incident scene, the driver operator should place the vehicle at an angle with the front wheels rotated:
away from the incident scene
Apparatus that is positioned on an angle with the pump panel facing toward the work area is known as:
the fend off position
The inside travel lane of a limited access highway is labeled as:
lane 1
To clearly identify the travel lanes on a limited access highway, lane numbers shall be assigned starting with:
the inside travel lane
How far away should the blocking apparatus be from the first operating unit on a roadway incident?
50 feet
Where should the apparatus driver place their first cone on an incident scene that is located on a hill or curve?
prior to the hill or curve
What is the average vision recovery time when the eye moves from light to dark?
6 seconds
What is the average vision recovery time when the eye moves from dark to light?
3 seconds
Oncoming vehicles with headlights on, completely blind opposing drivers within:
2.5 car lengths
How many feet behind should a block be?
At least 50 feet behind
A block should be a physical barrier between what two areas?
Upstream traffic and the work area
The buffer space should be between what two areas?
Between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area
What direction is downstream traffic moving?
Away from the incident scene
What is another name for the work area?
The incident space
What does the “S” in LCES stand for?
Safety zones
How many units should be traveling in each direction on limited access highways?
One
When units respond together, how should they remain?
In single file
What should vehicle operators do when using the shoulder of the road?
Reduce their speed
When can access/egress ramps be used in the opposite direction?
When the officer can confirm that the oncoming traffic has been stopped and that no civilian vehicles will be encountered on the ramp
When can crews cross over lanes on foot?
When the roadway is completely shut down
When should crossing Jersey barriers, bridges, or physical barriers be avoided?
Whenever possible
What is lane 1?
The inside travel lane
What is lane 3?
The outside travel lane
When apparatus is limited, how should blocking be prioritized?
From the most critical to the least critical
When may the engine be placed beyond the fire?
Only when taking the primary blocking position behind the fire would expose the engine to the possibility of extension
Who should always take the first arriving engine company position in response to a roadway incident?
The first arriving unit
What do flares or traffic cones do?
They assist in channeling traffic from the incident
How long is each lane marker?
10 feet
At 50 mph the distance traveled during 1 second is approximately how many feet?
75 feet
The direction of traffic moving away from the incident scene is known as:
Downstream
Emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways should include at least how many units traveling in each direction?
One unit
When can U-turn access points between Jersey barriers be used?
Only when necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
Who has responsibility for apparatus placement on a limited access highway?
The apparatus driver and the officer take joint responsibility
How are travel lanes numerically designated?
From the inner-most lane to the outer-most lane
The position the driver/operator should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator is known as:
The fend-off position
How far away should drivers place blocking apparatus behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
At least 50 ft
If the suppression unit arrives prior to the EMS unit on an EMS call at a single family home, how should it be positioned?
So the EMS unit can park in front of the address when it arrives
If an incident requires personnel to channel traffic around a curve, hill, or ramp, where should the first cone or flare be placed?
Prior to the hill or curve
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, communications, escape routes, and safety zones
When can emergency warning lights be turned off?
Daylight hours, all involved vehicles and emergency vehicles have been moved out of traffic lanes onto the highway shoulder, and traffic is congested and passing slowly
At what distance do oncoming vehicle headlights completely blind the opposing drivers?
2.5 carlengths
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least:
6 seconds
When the eye moves from dark to light, vision recovery takes at least:
3 seconds
The first color to leave the vision spectrum in darkness is:
Red
One minute of stopped traffic causes how much of an additional travel delay?
4 minutes
Incident commanders should place landing zones where?
Off the roadway
When multiple agencies are involved in an incident, what should be set up to ensure coordination?
Unified Command
In VDOTs traffic incident level system, Impact to the traveled roadway estimated to be less than 30 min with no lane blockage or with minor lane blockage is designated to be a:
Level I incident
In VDOTs traffic incident level system, Impact to the traveled roadway estimated to be more than 2 hr, OR the roadway is closed in any single direction is designated to be a:
Level III incident
What is the most common emergency responses?
Vehicle accidents
When units respond together in the same direction how should they respond?
Single file
When should vehicle operators use designated median strip crossovers?
When they can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
When the responding apparatus’s route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, how should the driver/operator proceed?
Reduce speed and pass through at a shallow angle
When is it appropriate for fire and ems crews to cross lanes of traffic on foot?
Roadway is completely shut down
Who takes responsibility for apparatus placement?
Driver and Officer
When labeling the travel lanes, what is the inside travel lane designated as?
Lane 1
What is the outside travel lane labeled as?
Lane 3
What direction should the engine company driver place the wheels when operating at a roadway incident?
Wheels rotated away from incident
How far away should blocking apparatus be placed from the first operating units?
50 feet
Where shall ems units position on roadway incidents?
Within the shielded work area
The first arriving unit regardless of type will position where?
Take the position normally taken by the first arriving engine company
If an incident requires personnel to channel traffic around a curve or hill, where shall the first cone or flare be placed?
Prior to the hill or curve
Personnel operating within a roadway should wear high visibility safety apparel that meets what standard?
ANSI 107-2010
When exciting the apparatus on a roadway incident, what side of the apparatus should you exit?
Work area
When may emergency warning lights be turned off?
Daylight hours, all vehicles have been moved out of traffic, traffic is congested and passing slowly
How long does it take your eyes to adjust when moving from light to dark?
6 seconds
In order to provide maximum night visibility, what lights should be kept on?
Red warning lights, pump panel lights, front and rear spotlights
During a Level 1 traffic incident, how long is the expected impact on traffic?
Less than 30 min
During a Level 3 traffic incident, what is the expected impact?
More than 2 hr
How far behind the first operating unit should blocking apparatus position?
50’
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
Where should EMS units position?
past the incident but within the shielded work area
Designated median strip crossovers marked, ?Authorized Vehicles Only,? should be used when?
When you can make the complete turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
Where should the first arriving engine position?
prior to the incident
Placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area is known as what?
fend-off
Positioning apparatus on an angle to the lanes of traffic creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and work area is referred to as what?
Block
What does a unit responding from each direction result in?
No delay caused by misinformation
Where should EMS units position on residential roadways?
In front of the incident address
How should personnel place traffic cones or flares?
while facing oncoming traffic
What is the minimum protective clothing for operating on roadway incidents?
helmet and traffic vest
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape route, and Safety zones
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes how long?
six seconds
When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how long?
three seconds
At 50mph, a vehicle travevls approximately how far per second?
75’
How long of an additional travel delay does one minute of stopped traffic cause?
four minute
How many different levels of traffic incidents are there, as adopted by VDOT?
3
What are the different levels of traffic incidents?
Minor, Intermediate, Major
Which incident level is estimated to have a travel impact of more than two hours?
Major
What is the space between moving traffic and personnel and vehicles in the protected work area called?
Buffer space
