23 - Roadway Ops Flashcards
What is the term for positioning a fire apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
What is the term that refers to the distance between moving traffic, the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer Space
What is the term that refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
What term is also known as an incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related raodway incident sheilded by the block?
Work Area
When units respond together in the same direction, they should what?
Remain in a single file
When the shoulder must be used for response, apparatus operators must use extreme caution and be aware of what?
Road signs, debris, guard rails, oversized or stopped vehicles, and standing water
How should median strip crossovers be marked in order to permit crossing over during response?
Authorized Vehicles Only
Proper apparaus positioning at an incident scene ensures what?
All of these
The engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing towards the work area to protect the pump operator. This is known as what position?
Fend-off
Going away from the incident space, on the upstream side, what is the proper order of safety items after the engine?
80 feet buffer space, 120 foot taper, and advanced warning
When additional apparatus are only required for adequate protection and are not needed for extrication, drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
On a roadway incident, where should the rescue position?
In front of the first-arriving engine in the most advantageous, tactical position for extrication functions and within the shielded area
What unit, regardless of the type, will take the position normally taken by the first-arriving engine company to shield the scene for membes, patients, and witnesses?
First unit
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize what, extending downstream to channel traffic away from the incident?
Vehicle mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area
Personnel who place cones or flares should do what to oncoming traffic?
Walk facing
When developing an incident action plan, Ics, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES, which stands for what?
Lookouts, communication, escape routes, and safety zones
If taking the primary blocking position behind a roadway fire could expose the engine to fire extension, how may the driver position?
At an increased distance behind the work area
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds? When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how many second?
6 & 3
The best combination of lights to provide maximum night visibility are what?
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, rear and front flood lights on and directed onto a cone and traffic directional boards operating
Virginia’s Incident Clearance Law is also known as what?
Move It
When operating on a roadway incident, upstream refers to
traffic approaching the scene
Designated median strip crossovers can be used by emergency apparatus only if
traffic flow is not obstructed in either direction
When an incident is involved in a HOV lane, consideration should be to
request additional units to block traffic on the nonincident side of markers
Apparatus placement on a roadway incident is determined by
apparatus driver and officer
When positioning at a roadway incident the “fend-off” position is
angle the vehicle, wheels away from scene but pump panel towards scene
The inside travel lane is located
left most lane in direction of travel
If a transport unit is first on scene of roadway incident, it will position
upstream prior to incident
When a suppression unit arrives to a residence prior to the transport unit, it should position
short of the address
When developing a roadway incident plan the acronym LCES stands for
lookouts, communications, escape route, safety zone
In regards to firefighting operations on roadways, which of the following is true
roadway preplans should include water supply options
If incident is during the day, all vehicles including emergency are on shoulder and traffic is slowly moving due to congestion, FD may
turn off emergency warning lights and replace with flashers
This is the first color the human eye loses to nighttime surroundings
red
A vehicle traveling at 50mph will travel how far per second
75 feet
Which of the following statements is true when working a roadway incident at night
opposing drivers can be completely blinded by headlights at 2.5 car lengths away
Virginia’s incident clearance law instructs civilians to
move vehicle from travel lanes when instructed by FD personnel
Prolonged lane closure increases the risk of a secondary incident, in fact
one minute of stoppage equals a 4-minute delay
Some primary objectives for roadway incident operations include the following except
speak to local news regarding traffic delays
The act of merging several moving lanes into fewer is called
taper
What vehicles are considered in the work area of a roadway incident with one engine and one transport unit
transport unit and involved vehicles
When multiple transport units are required on a roadway incident, parking them in this manner facilitates egress
diagponally in protected area
What is the definition of buffer space?
The distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic
How many feet should the buffer space be?
80 feet
What is the definition of downstream?
The direction that traffic is moving as it travels away from the incident scene
How many feet should a taper space be at least?
40 feet
What is the defiition of upstream?
The direction from which traffic is traveling as vehicles approach the incident scene
What does LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
On limited access highways, how many vehicles should be traveling in each direction?
At least one
When units respond together in the same direction, how should they travel
In single file
What should vehicle operators do when using the shoulder of the road?
Reduce their speed
When can designated median strip crossovers marked “Authorized Vehicles Only” be used?
When apparatus can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic in either travel direction and when all traffic movement has stopped
When if ever can the operator use the U-turn access points in a jersey barrier?
Only when the situation is necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
When can crews cross over lanes on foot?
When the roadway is completely shut down
What is lane 1?
The inside travel lane
What is lane 3?
The outside travel lane
Define the “Fend-off” position
When the front wheels are rotated away from the incident and the pump panel is facing toward the work area
How many sides of the incident may need to be protected at an intersection in the middle of the street?
Two or more sides
Blocking apparatus shall be placed how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe working area?
50 feet
How long is each lane marker?
10 feet
What is the first color to leave the spectrum?
Red
Roadways of speeds how many miles per hour or greater should have longer taper and buffer spaces
55 mph
The officer of the suppression unit should consider the appropriate Traffic Incident Level when the incident will seriously impact traffic. What are the levels?
Minor, intermediate, major
There are three time frames to help determine what level the highway incident is. What are they?
30 minutes or less, 30 minutes to 2 hours, 2 hors or more.
Un-necessarily closing or keeping lanes closed, greatly increases the risk of secondary incidents and back ups. For every minute traffic is stopped it causes how many minutes in delay?
4 minutes
From light to dark, the recovery is how many seconds? And from dark to light is how many seconds?
6 and 3 seconds
At 50 miles per hour what is the distance in feet traveled in a second?
75
Studies have found that when you get this many car lengths away from a vehicle with its head lights on you get blinded?
2 1/2 car lengths
Lane markers are how long and how far apart?
10 ‘ and 30’
You have positioned the apparatus just over a hill or curve. What shall you do to worn motorists coming to you?
Place a cone or flare prior to the hill
Before exiting the apparatus at an accident you shall ensure traffic is stopped, communicate to everyone traffic is stopped, look down and in all directions. Why?
For debris and hazards in all directions
Additional apparatus responding in to an accident scene shall park how many feet behind the first blocking apparatus?
50 feet
When an EMS unit parks at the scene they shall position for what?
Rapid egress from the scene
If the first dispatched engine is not the first arriving unit. What must the first arriving unit do?
Position to protect the scene
If taking primary blocking positioning behind the vehicle fire will expose the engine to fire extension, what should you do?
Position past the fire and have next in unit block
The lanes of a roadway are labeled from the left to the right. What are the correct names?
Lanes1, 2, 3
The engine shall be positioned at an angle to the lanes, the pump panel shall be words the work area. The steering wheels shall be rotated away from the incident. What is this called?
Fend-off
When using the should to respond to a call, there are many obstacles to watch out for. What of the following is NOT one?
Don?t use the shoulder
Anyone exposed to traffic, emergency vehicles, equipment with in an incident shall wear a high visibility vest that meets the requirements of who?
ANSI/ISEA
Situational awareness is the continuous responsibility of who?
Everyone
When shall a U-turn in a jersey barrier be used?
Lifesaving measures
When on a mulit- lane highway and vehicles are on both shoulders. When is it ok to cross lanes on foot?
When the roadway is shut down
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes called?
Taper
What is also known as incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block called?
Work area
Emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways should include at least how many units traveling in each direction?
1
All of the following except what are things apparatus operators must be aware of and use extreme caution while responding on the shoulder?
Dead animals
The use of U-turn access points between Jersey barriers presents an extreme hazard and should occur only when?
When nescessary for immediate lifesaving measures
When the responding apparatus’s route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, the apparatus operator should reduce speed and pass through the markers at what angle?
Shallow
Who is responsible for apparatus placement?
Driver & Officer
The first arriving engine should position where in regards to the incident?
Prior
What position for apparatus parking is placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the frontwheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator?
Fend-off
At intersections or where the incidnent may be near the middle of the street how many sides od the intersection may need protection?
2+
Drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how far behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50 feet
EMS units positioning on EMS calls should take priority position where?
In front of the incident address
Supression units, when responding with EMS units on EMS calls should position where?
Shield the back of the EMS unit
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator fo the first arriving supression unit should utilize everything except what?
Police units
When an incident requires multiple EMS transport units, drivers should consider positioning them how in the protected area to facilitate easy egress from the scene to the hospital?
Diagonally
In the acronym LCES, what does the C stand for?
Communications
Emergency warning lights may be turned off when all of the following conditions occur except what?
Warning lights must always remain activated
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
6
When the eye moves from dark to light, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
3
Level 2 traffic incidents impact the traveled roadway and is estimated to have lane blockage for 30 minutes - 2 hours is also called what?
Intermediate
Which type of operations represent the most common emergency responses?
Vehicle accident scenes
Which of the following is not one of the primary objectives for any roadway incident operations?
Develop alternative routes of travel
Which term is also commonly referred to as work area, and is the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block?
Incident space
What should an emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways include?
At least one unit traveling in each direction
In order to avoid confusing highway motorists about how to appropriately yield the right-of-way to emergency apparatus, units responding together in the same direction should take which type of approach?
Remain in single file
When the responding apparatus?s route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, how should the apparatus operator reduce speed and pass through the markers?
At a shallow angle
Who is responsible for establishing a work area allowing EMS units and the rescue company?or other company responsible for extrication?to safely position in proximity to the incident?
The officer of the first arriving suppression unit
What is referred to as the position designed to provide a barrier in the event a motorist strikes the engine, and in the unlikely event the engine moves upon impact, allows the motorist to travel in a direction away from the work area?
Fend-off
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize vehicle-mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area, extending in which direction to channel traffic away from the incident?
Downstream
All personnel must continuously maintain situational awareness in order to ensure incident work area safety. When developing an incident action plan, ICs, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES. What does ?S? in LCES stand for?
Safety zones
What term refers to positioning a fire department apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
What term refers to the distance between moving traffic and the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer space
What term is also known as incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block?
Work area
What term refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
What term involves the roadway lanes where approaching motorists change their speed and position to comply with traffic control measures established at an incident scene?
Transition zone
Name the position when the engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator.
Fend-off
Drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
6
How many seconds does vision recovery take when moving from dark to light?
3
Visibility becomes a more significant concern at night and presents a problem for fire department operators when using their warning lights systems. As the human eye adapts to the dark, which color blends into nighttime surroundings and becomes more difficult to see?
Red
Beginning July 1, 2012, all emergency responders within the right-of-way, who are either exposed to traffic or to emergency vehicles and equipment within the incident scene, shall wear what?
a traffic vest
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
To avoid the errant or distracted driver, responders should never?
turn their backs towards traffic. They should face traffic and remain alert at all times
The engine company shall be placed at an angle to the lanes, with the pump panel toward the work area to protect the pump operator and front wheels rotated away from the incident, this is called?
fend off position
How far should blocking apparatus be from the first arriving unit?
50 feet
How long should a buffer zone be on roadway emergencies?
80 feet
Roadways facilitating higher speeds should have longer Taper and Buffer Spaces at what MPH should they be greater?
55 MPH
On roadway incidents lane makers are how far apart?
10 feet in length and there is 30 feet between markers
As the human eye becomes adapted to the dark, the first color to leave the spectrum is?
red
From light to dark vision recovery takes at least how long?
6 seconds
When operating on a roadway incident which of the following lights needs to be dimmed or shut off?
headlights
Per VDOT what is a level 1 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be less than 30 minutes with no lane blockage or with minor lane blockage.
Per VDOT what is a level 2 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be between 30 minutes and 2 hours with lane blockages, but not full closure of the roadway.
Per VDOT what is a level 3 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be more than 2 hours, OR the roadway is closed in any single direction; significant area- wide congestion is expected.
Which of the following needs to be followed on all roadway incidents?
wear the appropriate PPE.
When units respond together in the same direction, they should?
follow in a single file line
What is the lane called that?s closest to the right shoulder?
outside travel lane 3
How long is a taper distance on a roadway incident?
120 feet
When responding to EMS calls, EMS units shall have the priority position to the?
front of the incident address with access to the driveway
What is the lanes of a roadway within which approaching motorists change
their speed and position to comply with the traffic control measures established at an
incident scene?
transition zone
Positioning apparatus on an angle to the lanes of traffic creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and work area is referred to as what?
Block
What is the space between moving traffic and personnel and vehicles in the protected work area called?
Buffer space
What does a unit responding from each direction result in?
No delay caused by misinformation
Designated median strip crossovers marked, ?Authorized Vehicles Only,? should be used when?
When you can make the complete turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
