14 - IFSTA Chapter 14 Flashcards
What device injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution?
Foam Proportioner
What is released providing a cooling effect on the fuel suppressing the process of heat producing oxidation?
Water
Foam concentrates are generally intended to be mixed with what?
Fresh or salt water
Which method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio in comparison to the flow?
The injection method
Which method of proportioning foam is simple but potentially inaccurate and commonly used with Class A foams?
Batch Mixing
What foam storage unit holds 275 gallon containers?
Totes
Fire apparatus equipped with onboard foam proportioning systems usually have what piped directly to the delivery system?
Foam concentrate tanks
What type of foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants that are essentially wetting agents that reduce the surface tension of water and allow it to soak into combustible materials more easily?
Class A foam concentrate
The shelf life of properly stored foam solution can be as long as how many years for class A?
20 years
(Class A)
What percentages may Class A form concentrates be mixed as little as?
0.1 to 1.0 percent
Regarding Class B foam concentrates, what is the difference in maximum shelf life between protein based foams and synthetic foam?
10 years for protein based and
20 to 25 years for synthetic foam
While protein based foam is derived from animal protein, what is synthetic foam made from?
A mixture of fluorosurfactants
How can you calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle?
Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire
What is currently the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate?
Aqueous film forming foam
Burnback is more apparent with what type of foam?
Aqueous film forming foam
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than how far above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate?
6 feet
What is a type of in-line eductor that may be used to supply foam concentrate to a self-educting master stream?
A jet ratio controller (JRC)
When batch mixing, Class A foam solutions do not retain their foaming properties when mixed in water for more than how long?
24 hours
When using low energy foam systems, how are the aeration and discharge functions completed?
By the aerating foam nozzle
Which type of foam application method involves directing a foam fire stream on the ground neat the front edge of a burning liquid spill?
Roll-On method
What one of the following is NOT a reason for the increase use of foam production?
Multiple nozzles to use
Mechanical foam has 3 parts. What are they?
Foam concentrate, water and air.
Class B foam is broken into 2 categories. What are they?
Hydrocarbons and Polar solvents.
Who determines the correct percentage of foam and water ?
Foam manufacturer
What foam proportioning method requires the left over mix to be discarded following an incident?
Batch mixing
What foam proportioning method is typically used for trailer or truck mounted foam systems?
Premixing
What issue can happen if your foam is not in an air tight container?
Skin forms on the concentrate
Class A foam can be used on what type of fires?
Class A combustibles
What health concerns are there with class A foam?
Corrosive characteristics
When you have a spill, un ignites fire spill, the application rate is figured by these 2 things. What are they?
Per minute per square foot
Class A foam is good for all of the following except?
Running fuel fire.
If you have a flammable or combustible fire, what class of foam would you use?
Class B
Foam expansion is described as low, medium, and high. What are the rates for the 3?
Low 20:1,
Medium 20:1-200:1,
High 200:1 - 1000:1
When you apply foam it should be continuous and what?
up hill and up wind
What foam can create a complete vapor barrior over fuel spills?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
What 2 foams have alcohol resistive properties?
Fluoroprotein Foam and Film forming foam
What is the maximum distance between the surface of the foam and the eductor?
6 foot
An inline eductor system mixes foam concentrate and water where?
Attached directly to the pump panel discharge or connected at some point in the hose lay
An around the pump proportioner will give you foam at what discharges?
All
When appling foam to a liquid, you spray it onto the tank and let it run down and start working its way out. This is called?
Bank down
A device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution is called what?
Foam proportioner
Foam extinguishes and/or suppresses vapors by all of the following methods except what?
Blanketing
Other additives are currently available for use as extinguishing agents as well as pre-treatment of structures threatened by fire spread. These super absorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water are known as what?
Gelling Agents
A simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam concentrate and water is called what?
Batch mixing
Foam concentrate tanks on municipal fire apparatus generally ranges from what to what?
20 - 200 gallons
The minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to an unignited fire, spill, or spill fire to either control vapor emission or extinguish the fire is called what?
Application rate
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from what to what percent?
1 - 6 %
Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of what?
20:1 - 200:1
The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including all of the following except what?
The amount of BTU’s
The most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate is called what?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
Alcohol resistant AFFF is meant to be used for what?
Polar solvents & hydrocarbons
Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is generally used at a concentration of what percent?
3 - 6 %
What is the correct pressure at the eductor for the concentration of foam solution to blend accurately?
150-200 psi
Use of a foam nozzle eductor may compromise what?
Firefighter safety
What is one of the most common types of installed proportioners used in modern fire apparatus?
Around-the-pump-proportioner
What is the simplest method of proportioning foam?
Batch mixing
What type of nozzle is effective in agitating water droplets and achieving a foaming action?
Fog nozzle
Of the following methods of foam application techniques which one is the method of fire attack with class A foam?
Direct application
What is it called when foam is capable of being broken down into innocuous products by the actions of living things, such as microorganisms?
Biodegradable
What is an additive available for use as extinguishing agents as well as pre-treatment of structures threatened by fire spread?
Gelling Agents
Class B fuels are divided into two categories: hydrocarbons and polar solvents. Which answer is correct pertaining to the specific gravity of petroleum based hydrocarbon fuels?
Specific gravity less than one
Class B foam application on polar solvent fuels works in what capacity?
Not effective regardless of concentration
What are the most common foams in use and defined as foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, water, and air?
Mechanical foam
Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with what percentage of water?
94 to 99.9
Which type of foam proportioning method is most commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems?
Injection
What is one important difference to note between standard atmospheric storage tanks and onboard foam storage tanks designed for holding foam concentrate?
Foam storage must be airtight
The formula of Class A foam includes which chemical designed to lower the surface tension of a liquid in order to allow water to spread more rapidly over the fuel’s surface?
Surfactant
Properly stored Class A foam solution is an economical choice when purchasing in bulk quantities because of its long shelf life. How long can the shelf life be for properly stored foam solution?
20 years
While most foam nozzles produce more stable foam at 1.0 percent centration than at 0.5 percent concentration, choosing to exceed what percentage of Class A foam with a standard fog nozzle may not actually increase firefighting performance?
0.50%
Regarding foam expansion, NFPA 11 states that low expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to how many parts finished foam for every part of foam solution?
20
Which of the following is not considered a hydrocarbon fuel?
Ketones
(Hydrocarbons fuels: crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene, and kerosene)
(Polar Solvent fuels: alcohol, acetone, ketones, and esters)
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from 1 to 6 %. What is the concentration percentage that is used for hydrocarbon fuels?
1 or 3
What is the concentration percentage that is used for polar solvent fuels?
3 or 6
What is the correct positioning once you begin foam application and should continue without interruption until extinguishment is complete?
Uphill and upwind
What should be the maximum distance between the liquid surface of the foam concentrate and the foam concentrate inlet to the eductor?
6 ft
Which types of foam may be mixed at any time with no adverse effects?
Mil specs of same type
Which application method involves directing a foam fire stream onto the ground near the front edge of the burning liquid spill?
Roll on
Which application method involves directing foam onto the nearby vertical surface and allowing to run down and spread across the pooled fuel product?
Bank down
Which application method is used primarily for aboveground storage tank fires?
Rain down
Which of the following is not considered a polar solvent fuel?
Crude oil
Before mechanical firefighting foams can be used, they must be proportioned and?
aerated
Raw foam liquid in its container that has not been mixed with water and air is known as?
foam concentration
Which of the following is an example of a hydrocarbon that can be extinguished using Class B foam?
gasoline
Which of the following fuels are Class b foams designed for?
benzene
Foam concentrates are generally intended to be mixed with fresh water or?
salt water
Which method of foam extinguishment can BEST be described as creating a barrier between the fuel and the fire?
separating
Most firefighting foams concentrates are formulated to be mixed with what percentage of water?
94 to 99.9 percent
Which method of foam proportioning uses pressure of a water stream to draft foam concentrate into the fire stream?
induction
Which method of foam proportioning is MOST commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems?
injection
Under conditions that require large quantities of foam such as industrial fire facilities, which method of storage would be MOST prudent?
totes
(275)
Dry foam is MOST likely to be used on which of the following?
vertical surfaces
Class B foams are designed to suppress fires involving?
flammable and combustible liquids
If stored in a cool area, Class B synthetic foams may have a shelf life of approximately how many years?
20-25 years
Class B foams are mixed in proportioners from?
1 to 6 percent
Which of the following is BEST described as the increase in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated?
foam expansion
Using an in-line eductor requires the used to understand that foam concentrates becomes less viscous?
when cooled
Which of the following is the most commonly used type of synthetic foam concentrates?
AFFF
Smooth bore nozzles are limited to the application of?
Class A foam from CAFS
What is the MOST common type of installed proportioner used in modern fire apparatus?
around the pump proportioner
Which foam application method would be MOST effective if a pool of liquid fuel is ignited in the middle of an open field?
roll-on method
The act of mixing water with foam concentrate to form a foam solution is known as what?
Proportioning
What is a simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam concentrate and water?
Batch Mixing
Which method of proportioning foam uses the pressure of a water stream to draft foam concentrate into the fire stream?
Induction
Which method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ration in comparison to flow?
injection
Which method of proportioning occurs when an appropriate amount of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water?
Batch Mixing
In-line eductors and foam nozzle eductors are examples of foam proportioners that work for which method of proportioning?
Induction
What is the name of a chemcical that allows water to spread more rapidly over the surface of Class A fuels and penetrate organic fuels?
Surfactant
What is an important characteristic when choosing a foam concentrate for a specific application?
Foam Expansion
The minimum foam solution application rates for ignited fuels are specified in which NFPA standard?
NFPA 11
Which foam concentrate’s formula consists of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point, and is currently the most commonly used foam concentrate?
AFFF
When AR-AFFF concentrate is used on polar solvents, it is applied in the concentration of what percentage?
3 to 6 %
When using an in-line foam eductor, the foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than how many feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate?
six feet
What is the proportioner called that consists of a small bypass water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump with an in-line eductor installed in this line, and a vlave controlling flow of water through the bypass line?
around-the-pump proportioner
Which proportioner system is the most accurate method of foam proportioning?
bypass-type balance pressure proportioner
Which proportioner system allows foam to discharge from some outlets and plain water to discharge from other outlets simultaneously?
bypass-type balance pressure proportioner
Which of the proportioner systems control the foam concentrate ratio by the speed of a positive displacement foam concentrate pump that injects foam concentrate into the water flow?
variable-flow demand-type balance proportioner
What is the name of the application method for Class B foam that involves directing a foam fire stream on the ground near the front edge of a burning liquid spill?
roll-on method
Which of the foam application techniques is used for Class A foam?
direct application
What is the name of the superabsorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water?
durable agents
What NFPA provides information regarding the environmental impact of Class A firefighting foams?
1150
What is raw foam liquid in it’s storage container before being combinded with water and air called?
foam concentrate
What is the device called that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate inot the water stream to make the foam solution?
foam proportioner
What is a mixture of foam concentrate and water before the intoduction of air called?
foam solution
What is the complete product after air is introduced into the foam solution?
foam
What happens if you fail to match proper foam concentrate to the type of fuel on fire?
Unsucessful suppression attempt that could endanger firefighters
How does foam work?
separating, cooling, smothering
The foam inlet to the eductor should be no more than what height?
6ft
Which foam detergent based with low water content is used commonly in subterranean spaces?
High-expansion foam
What is the most common types of installed proportioners in modern apparatus?
around-the-pump proportioner
What is the simplest method of proportioning foam?
batch mixing
What produces small uniform air bubbles that are very durable?
CAFS
what can discharged farther CAFS vs foam?
CAFS
What method of foam is used by pointing the foam at the base of a pool of burning fuel?
the roll-on method
what method of foam uses a vertical surface?
bank-down method
What are superabsorbent liquid polymer capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water called?
gelling agents
