14 - IFSTA Chapter 14 Flashcards
What device injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution?
Foam Proportioner
What is released providing a cooling effect on the fuel suppressing the process of heat producing oxidation?
Water
Foam concentrates are generally intended to be mixed with what?
Fresh or salt water
Which method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio in comparison to the flow?
The injection method
Which method of proportioning foam is simple but potentially inaccurate and commonly used with Class A foams?
Batch Mixing
What foam storage unit holds 275 gallon containers?
Totes
Fire apparatus equipped with onboard foam proportioning systems usually have what piped directly to the delivery system?
Foam concentrate tanks
What type of foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants that are essentially wetting agents that reduce the surface tension of water and allow it to soak into combustible materials more easily?
Class A foam concentrate
The shelf life of properly stored foam solution can be as long as how many years for class A?
20 years
(Class A)
What percentages may Class A form concentrates be mixed as little as?
0.1 to 1.0 percent
Regarding Class B foam concentrates, what is the difference in maximum shelf life between protein based foams and synthetic foam?
10 years for protein based and
20 to 25 years for synthetic foam
While protein based foam is derived from animal protein, what is synthetic foam made from?
A mixture of fluorosurfactants
How can you calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle?
Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire
What is currently the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate?
Aqueous film forming foam
Burnback is more apparent with what type of foam?
Aqueous film forming foam
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than how far above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate?
6 feet
What is a type of in-line eductor that may be used to supply foam concentrate to a self-educting master stream?
A jet ratio controller (JRC)
When batch mixing, Class A foam solutions do not retain their foaming properties when mixed in water for more than how long?
24 hours
When using low energy foam systems, how are the aeration and discharge functions completed?
By the aerating foam nozzle
Which type of foam application method involves directing a foam fire stream on the ground neat the front edge of a burning liquid spill?
Roll-On method
What one of the following is NOT a reason for the increase use of foam production?
Multiple nozzles to use
Mechanical foam has 3 parts. What are they?
Foam concentrate, water and air.
Class B foam is broken into 2 categories. What are they?
Hydrocarbons and Polar solvents.
Who determines the correct percentage of foam and water ?
Foam manufacturer
What foam proportioning method requires the left over mix to be discarded following an incident?
Batch mixing
What foam proportioning method is typically used for trailer or truck mounted foam systems?
Premixing
What issue can happen if your foam is not in an air tight container?
Skin forms on the concentrate
Class A foam can be used on what type of fires?
Class A combustibles
What health concerns are there with class A foam?
Corrosive characteristics
When you have a spill, un ignites fire spill, the application rate is figured by these 2 things. What are they?
Per minute per square foot
Class A foam is good for all of the following except?
Running fuel fire.
If you have a flammable or combustible fire, what class of foam would you use?
Class B
Foam expansion is described as low, medium, and high. What are the rates for the 3?
Low 20:1,
Medium 20:1-200:1,
High 200:1 - 1000:1
When you apply foam it should be continuous and what?
up hill and up wind
What foam can create a complete vapor barrior over fuel spills?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
What 2 foams have alcohol resistive properties?
Fluoroprotein Foam and Film forming foam
What is the maximum distance between the surface of the foam and the eductor?
6 foot
An inline eductor system mixes foam concentrate and water where?
Attached directly to the pump panel discharge or connected at some point in the hose lay
An around the pump proportioner will give you foam at what discharges?
All
When appling foam to a liquid, you spray it onto the tank and let it run down and start working its way out. This is called?
Bank down
A device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution is called what?
Foam proportioner
Foam extinguishes and/or suppresses vapors by all of the following methods except what?
Blanketing
Other additives are currently available for use as extinguishing agents as well as pre-treatment of structures threatened by fire spread. These super absorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water are known as what?
Gelling Agents
A simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam concentrate and water is called what?
Batch mixing
Foam concentrate tanks on municipal fire apparatus generally ranges from what to what?
20 - 200 gallons
The minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to an unignited fire, spill, or spill fire to either control vapor emission or extinguish the fire is called what?
Application rate
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from what to what percent?
1 - 6 %
Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of what?
20:1 - 200:1
The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including all of the following except what?
The amount of BTU’s
The most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate is called what?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
Alcohol resistant AFFF is meant to be used for what?
Polar solvents & hydrocarbons
Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is generally used at a concentration of what percent?
3 - 6 %
What is the correct pressure at the eductor for the concentration of foam solution to blend accurately?
150-200 psi
Use of a foam nozzle eductor may compromise what?
Firefighter safety
What is one of the most common types of installed proportioners used in modern fire apparatus?
Around-the-pump-proportioner
What is the simplest method of proportioning foam?
Batch mixing
What type of nozzle is effective in agitating water droplets and achieving a foaming action?
Fog nozzle
Of the following methods of foam application techniques which one is the method of fire attack with class A foam?
Direct application
What is it called when foam is capable of being broken down into innocuous products by the actions of living things, such as microorganisms?
Biodegradable
What is an additive available for use as extinguishing agents as well as pre-treatment of structures threatened by fire spread?
Gelling Agents
Class B fuels are divided into two categories: hydrocarbons and polar solvents. Which answer is correct pertaining to the specific gravity of petroleum based hydrocarbon fuels?
Specific gravity less than one
Class B foam application on polar solvent fuels works in what capacity?
Not effective regardless of concentration
What are the most common foams in use and defined as foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, water, and air?
Mechanical foam
Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with what percentage of water?
94 to 99.9
Which type of foam proportioning method is most commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems?
Injection
What is one important difference to note between standard atmospheric storage tanks and onboard foam storage tanks designed for holding foam concentrate?
Foam storage must be airtight
The formula of Class A foam includes which chemical designed to lower the surface tension of a liquid in order to allow water to spread more rapidly over the fuel’s surface?
Surfactant
Properly stored Class A foam solution is an economical choice when purchasing in bulk quantities because of its long shelf life. How long can the shelf life be for properly stored foam solution?
20 years
While most foam nozzles produce more stable foam at 1.0 percent centration than at 0.5 percent concentration, choosing to exceed what percentage of Class A foam with a standard fog nozzle may not actually increase firefighting performance?
0.50%
Regarding foam expansion, NFPA 11 states that low expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to how many parts finished foam for every part of foam solution?
20
Which of the following is not considered a hydrocarbon fuel?
Ketones
(Hydrocarbons fuels: crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene, and kerosene)
(Polar Solvent fuels: alcohol, acetone, ketones, and esters)
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from 1 to 6 %. What is the concentration percentage that is used for hydrocarbon fuels?
1 or 3
What is the concentration percentage that is used for polar solvent fuels?
3 or 6
What is the correct positioning once you begin foam application and should continue without interruption until extinguishment is complete?
Uphill and upwind
What should be the maximum distance between the liquid surface of the foam concentrate and the foam concentrate inlet to the eductor?
6 ft
Which types of foam may be mixed at any time with no adverse effects?
Mil specs of same type
Which application method involves directing a foam fire stream onto the ground near the front edge of the burning liquid spill?
Roll on
Which application method involves directing foam onto the nearby vertical surface and allowing to run down and spread across the pooled fuel product?
Bank down
Which application method is used primarily for aboveground storage tank fires?
Rain down
Which of the following is not considered a polar solvent fuel?
Crude oil
Before mechanical firefighting foams can be used, they must be proportioned and?
aerated
Raw foam liquid in its container that has not been mixed with water and air is known as?
foam concentration
Which of the following is an example of a hydrocarbon that can be extinguished using Class B foam?
gasoline
Which of the following fuels are Class b foams designed for?
benzene
Foam concentrates are generally intended to be mixed with fresh water or?
salt water
Which method of foam extinguishment can BEST be described as creating a barrier between the fuel and the fire?
separating
Most firefighting foams concentrates are formulated to be mixed with what percentage of water?
94 to 99.9 percent
Which method of foam proportioning uses pressure of a water stream to draft foam concentrate into the fire stream?
induction
Which method of foam proportioning is MOST commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems?
injection
Under conditions that require large quantities of foam such as industrial fire facilities, which method of storage would be MOST prudent?
totes
(275)
Dry foam is MOST likely to be used on which of the following?
vertical surfaces
Class B foams are designed to suppress fires involving?
flammable and combustible liquids
If stored in a cool area, Class B synthetic foams may have a shelf life of approximately how many years?
20-25 years
Class B foams are mixed in proportioners from?
1 to 6 percent
Which of the following is BEST described as the increase in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated?
foam expansion
Using an in-line eductor requires the used to understand that foam concentrates becomes less viscous?
when cooled
Which of the following is the most commonly used type of synthetic foam concentrates?
AFFF
Smooth bore nozzles are limited to the application of?
Class A foam from CAFS
What is the MOST common type of installed proportioner used in modern fire apparatus?
around the pump proportioner
Which foam application method would be MOST effective if a pool of liquid fuel is ignited in the middle of an open field?
roll-on method
The act of mixing water with foam concentrate to form a foam solution is known as what?
Proportioning
What is a simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam concentrate and water?
Batch Mixing
Which method of proportioning foam uses the pressure of a water stream to draft foam concentrate into the fire stream?
Induction
Which method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ration in comparison to flow?
injection
Which method of proportioning occurs when an appropriate amount of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water?
Batch Mixing
In-line eductors and foam nozzle eductors are examples of foam proportioners that work for which method of proportioning?
Induction
What is the name of a chemcical that allows water to spread more rapidly over the surface of Class A fuels and penetrate organic fuels?
Surfactant
What is an important characteristic when choosing a foam concentrate for a specific application?
Foam Expansion
The minimum foam solution application rates for ignited fuels are specified in which NFPA standard?
NFPA 11
Which foam concentrate’s formula consists of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point, and is currently the most commonly used foam concentrate?
AFFF
When AR-AFFF concentrate is used on polar solvents, it is applied in the concentration of what percentage?
3 to 6 %
When using an in-line foam eductor, the foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than how many feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate?
six feet
What is the proportioner called that consists of a small bypass water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump with an in-line eductor installed in this line, and a vlave controlling flow of water through the bypass line?
around-the-pump proportioner
Which proportioner system is the most accurate method of foam proportioning?
bypass-type balance pressure proportioner
Which proportioner system allows foam to discharge from some outlets and plain water to discharge from other outlets simultaneously?
bypass-type balance pressure proportioner
Which of the proportioner systems control the foam concentrate ratio by the speed of a positive displacement foam concentrate pump that injects foam concentrate into the water flow?
variable-flow demand-type balance proportioner
What is the name of the application method for Class B foam that involves directing a foam fire stream on the ground near the front edge of a burning liquid spill?
roll-on method
Which of the foam application techniques is used for Class A foam?
direct application
What is the name of the superabsorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water?
durable agents
What NFPA provides information regarding the environmental impact of Class A firefighting foams?
1150
What is raw foam liquid in it’s storage container before being combinded with water and air called?
foam concentrate
What is the device called that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate inot the water stream to make the foam solution?
foam proportioner
What is a mixture of foam concentrate and water before the intoduction of air called?
foam solution
What is the complete product after air is introduced into the foam solution?
foam
What happens if you fail to match proper foam concentrate to the type of fuel on fire?
Unsucessful suppression attempt that could endanger firefighters
How does foam work?
separating, cooling, smothering
The foam inlet to the eductor should be no more than what height?
6ft
Which foam detergent based with low water content is used commonly in subterranean spaces?
High-expansion foam
What is the most common types of installed proportioners in modern apparatus?
around-the-pump proportioner
What is the simplest method of proportioning foam?
batch mixing
What produces small uniform air bubbles that are very durable?
CAFS
what can discharged farther CAFS vs foam?
CAFS
What method of foam is used by pointing the foam at the base of a pool of burning fuel?
the roll-on method
what method of foam uses a vertical surface?
bank-down method
What are superabsorbent liquid polymer capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water called?
gelling agents
Who did studies to show class A foam into water can be lethal for fish?
US forest service
What is class B foam designed solely for use on?
hydrocarbon fuels
What percentage does class B foam mixed in proportions?
1-6%
What is one of the major disadvantages of premixing foam concentrate?
is limited to one-time use applications
what percentage of water are formulated to be mixed with foam concentrate?
1-10%
Which of the following is not a reason that use of foam agents has increased in recent years?
Use of foam increases water usage and municipal water sources are becoming more widely available
Foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, water, and air is known as what?
Mechanical Foam
Failure to match the proper foam concentrate to the type of what may result in an unsuccessful supression attempt?
Fuel
How does a firefighter know if their foam has been properly aerated?
It will have uniform-sized bubbles
What type of fuels are divided into the categories of hydrocarbons and polar solvents?
Class B
What kind of fuels are petroleim based and have a specific gravity of less than one?
Hydrocarbons
Fuels such as acetone, ketones, and esters interact with water in what way?
They are miscible
Class B foams are designed solely for use on what kind of fuels?
Hydrocarbons
What is the act of mixing water with foam concentrate to form a foam solution?
Proportioning
What is induction?
The method of proportioning foam using the pressure of a water stream to draft foam concentrate into the fire stream
What is injection?
The method of proportioning foam using an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio
What is batch mixing?
A simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam concentrate and water by pouring both into a tank of water
This type of container for storing foam concentrate is not affected by the corrosive nature of the concentrate and are relatively easy to store on apparatus.
Five-gallon pails
For fire departments, like ARFF and industrial facilities, that require large amounts of foam concentrate on trailers, what storage container might be used?
275-gallon totes
What is a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid to allow water to spread more rapidly over the fuel?
Surfactant
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from what to what percent?
1-6%
Which of the following is a variable that should be considered when deciding on the rate to apply foam?
Whether the fuel is contained
The minimum foam solution application rates for ignited fuels are specified by what NFPA standard?
NFPA 11
The Standard on Foam Chemicals for Fire in Class A Fuels is what number?
NFPA 1150
Which of the following is a result of a longer drain time of Class A foam?
Insulating layer for longer period of time
The type of cncentrate used, whether or not the fuel is on fire, and whether the fuel is contained or uncontained are variables that affect what regarding the foam?
The rate of application
Before mechanical firefighting foams can be used, they must be proportioned and what else?
Aerated
Which foam application method would be most effective if a pool of liquid fuel is ignited in the middle of an open field?
Roll-on method
Which type of nozzle should be used with protein foam concentrates?
Air-aspirating foam nozzle
Class B foams are mixed in what proportions?
1 to 6 percent
Which of the following may be mixed at any time with no adverse effects?
Mil-spec foam concentrates of the same type
Which of the following is a type of in-line eductor that may be used to supply foam concentrate to a self-educting master stream?
Jet ratio controller
Which method of foam extinguishment can best be described as creating a barrier between the fuel and the fire?
Separating
If stored in a cool area, Class B synthetic foam may have a shelf life of approximately how many years?
20 to 25
Foam concentrates are generally intended to be mixed with either fresh water or what?
Salt water
Which of the following is an example of a hydrocarbon fuel that can be extinguished using Class B foam?
Gasoline
The drain time for Class A foam solutions will increase in porportion with increases in what?
The rate of foam percentage of the solution
What is the most common type of installed proportioner used in modern fire apparatus?
Around-the-pump proportioner
Which of the following best describes the increase in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated?
Foam expansion
The application rate for Class A foam is the same as what?
The minimum required flow rate for water
Which method of foam proportioning occurs when an appropriate amount of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water?
Batch mixing
Which foam application method would be most effective at an incident involving an aboveground storage tank?
Rain-down method
Which method of foam proportioning is most commonly employed in apparatus-mounted or fixed fire protection systems?
Injection
Under conditions that require large quantities of foam such as wildland fires or industrial facilities, which method of storage would be most prudent?
Totes
What is the raw foam liquid in its storage container before being combined with water and air?
Foam concentrate
What is the mixture of foam consentrate and water before the introduction of air?
Foam solution
What is the completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution?
Foam
All of the following methods are ways that foam works except:
Penetrating
The act of mixing water with foam concentrate to form a foam solution is known as:
Foam proportioning
What are the four basic methods of foam proportioning?
Induction, injection, batch mixing, premixing
What method of proportioning foam uses the pressure of a water stream to draft foam concentrate into the fire stream?
Induction
What is the method of proportioning foam using an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio?
Injection
When an an appropriate amount of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water it is known as?
Batch mixing
A common method of proportioning in which premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate are mixed in a container is known as?
Premixing
Class A foam concentrates may be mixed with what percentages?
0.1 to 1.0 percent
The minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to a fire, per minute, per square foot of fire is known as?
Application rate
What foam is used to suppress fires involving flammable and combustable liquids?
Class B foam
The shelf-life of Class-B protein based foam concentrate is how long?
10 years
The shelf-life of Class-B synthetic foam concentrate is how long?
20-25 years
Class B foams are mixed in proportions of what percentage?
One to six percent
What is the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate?
AFFF
The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed what percentage of the eductor inlet pressure?
70 percent
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than how many feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate?
Six feet
What is the range of air content of medium expansion foam?
20:1 to 200:1
What is the most common type of foam in use?
Mechanical foam
Class B fuels are divided into what two categories?
hydrocarbons and polar solvents
Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with what percentage of water?
94 - 99.9%
What is a simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam?
Batch mixing
What are the common methods of storing foam in the fire service?
All of the above
Totes can carry as much as how many gallons of foam?
275 gallons
If stored properly, what is the shelf life of stored foam solution?
20 years
Most foam nozzles will produce a more stable foam at what concentration?
1%
Class B protein foam has an approximate shelf life of what?
10 years
Class B foams are mixed in proportions of what percentage?
1 - 6%
NFPA 11 states low expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of what?
20/1
The minimum foam solution application rates for ignited fuels are specified in what NFPA standard?
NFPA 11
What is the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate?
AFFF
The pressure at the discharge side of an in-line eductor must not exceed what percentage of the eductor inlet pressure?
70%
A jet ratio controller can be located as far as how many feet from the self educting master stream?
3,000
Installed in-line foam eductors are most commonly used to proportion what type of foam?
Class B
Variable flow variable rate direct injection systems proportion foam concentrate at what rates?
0.1 to 3%
What is the simplest method of proportioning foam?
Batch mixing
Generally batch mixing is only used with what type of foam concentrate?
Class A
Smooth bore nozzles are limited to the application of what type of foam?
Class A
Water may be used to smother fires in combustible liquids with a specific gravity of what?
1
What is the temperature range of water?
32°F to 212°F
When water converts to steam it occupies how many times its original volume?
1700
A force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas measured in PSI OR KPA is called?
Pressure
How many different principles determine the action or pressure on fluids?
6
Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts, what principle is this?
1st
Fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest is the intensity in all directions. This principle is used for what?
Hydrostatic testing
The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth in what principle?
4th
A pressure that is some what less than at atmospheric pressure is called?
Vacuum
A pressure created by elevation is called?
Head
Stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, and hose is called?
Static
The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands is considered what type of pressure?
Normal operating
The pressure that is the portion of a total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity is called?
Residual
While water is flowing from a discharge opening, the forward velocity pressure is considered what pressure?
Flow
This refers to the centerline of the pump or the bottom of a static water source above or below ground?
Elevation
Pressure losses or gains due to gravity are called?
Elevation pressure
Above sea level, atmospheric pressure decreases approximately what every 100 feet?
0.5 PSI
The loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of the hose or pipe is called?
Friction loss
The use of 1 or more pumps that take water from the primary source and discharge it through the filtration and treatment and distribution system is called?
Direct pump system
What is NOT a cause of direction loss?
High pump pressure
Foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, water and air is called?
Mechanical foam
The process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner is called?
Eduction
Liquids that mix with water is called what?
Miscible
A petroleum-based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon is called?
Hydrocarbon fuel
Foam works in all of the following ways except what?
Chills
Foam is proportioned using all of the following basic methods except?
Pre-proportioned
A solid or flexible tube used to transfer foam concentrate from a storage container to the proportioner is called?
Pickup tube
Premixing is a foam proportioning method commonly used with what?
Portable & wheeled extinguisher
What is a simple method of proportioning foam concentrate with water?
Batch mixing
Foam concentrate is found in containers of all the following sizes except what?
25 Gallon
Foam concentrate tanks on municipal fire apparatus generally range from what to what?
20 - 200 Gallons
Class ‘A’ foam concentrates may be mixed with percentages as little as what?
0.1 - 1.0%
Form provided by the manufacturer and blender of chemicals that contains information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures?
Safety Data Sheet
Medium expansion foam is commonly used at what rate?
20:1 - 200:1
High expansion foam is commonly used at what rate?
200:1 - 1,000:1
What is the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate?
Aqueous film forming foam
Alcohol-resistant AFFF may be used on hydrocarbon fuels at what percent?
1 - 6%
What foam is commonly available for use on polar solvents?
Alcohol resistant AFFF
Pressure loss or gain created by changes in elevation between the nozzle and pump is called what?
Back pressure
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than how far above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate?
6 feet
What is the raw foam liquid in its storage container before combined with water and air?
Foam concentrate
What is foam?
The product after air is introduced into the foam solution
Hydrocarbons are a category of which type of fuel?
Class B
What method creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire?
Separating
What percentages does class A foam range at?
0.1 to 1
All of the following are factors on the selection of a foam proportioner except:
Length of hose
Which of this is a method of proportioning foam?
Injection
What system is most commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection system?
Injection
This is a simple but inaccurate method of proportioning?
Batch mixing
Which method typically is used with portable extinguishers?
Premixing
Which method of storage must remain airtight in order to prevent a skin from forming?
Pails
What foam concentrate is also available in 55 gallon?
Barrels
What may be used in jurisdictions that require large quantities of foam?
Totes
Which type of foam is becoming popular for use in wildland and structural fire fighting?
Class A
What is the shelf life of properly stored foam solution?
20 years
Which type of foam consist of a protein base?
Class B
On the application of foam, this often resembles shaving cream, and has a very low water content:
Vertical surfaces
What is the concentration used for polar solvents based on the manufacturer?
3 or 6 %
Based on NFPA11, what is the ratio for a low expansion foam?
20 to 1
Which type of system introduces air into the foam solution when reaches the nozzle ?
Low energy foam proportioning system
Which category are class B fuels considered such as crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene, and kerosene?
Hydrocarbon
Which foam is designed solely for use on hydrocarbon fuels?
Class B foams
Which of the following is not a basic method for foam proportioning?
Proportional mixing
What is the result from including hydrocarbon surfactants in Class A foam solutions?
Reduces the surface tension of water
What is the expansion rate when high expansion foam is used?
200:1 to 1000:1
What is currently the most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
Which foam proportioning device uses the Venturi principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream?
In-line eductor
What is the most common type of installed proportioners used in modern fire apparatus?
Around-the-pump proportioner
Which nozzle is limited to the application of Class A foam and provide an effective stream with excellent reach capabilities?
Smooth bore nozzle
Which method of Class B foam application involves directing a foam fire stream on the ground near the front edge of a burning liquid spill?
Roll-on method
Which method of Class B foam application is employed when a vertical surface is near or within a pool of ignitable liquid, allowing the foam to be directed and run down the vertical surface and spreae across the pooled fuel?
Bank-down method
Class B foams are mixed in proportions from what percent?
1-6%
What will result if a nozzle is partially closed during foam fire stream operations?
Flow rate will not allow creation of Venturi effect capable of picking up foam concentrate
Which portable foam proportioner is designed to be attached directly to the pump panel discharge or connected at some point in the hose lay?
In-line eductor
Most fire fighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with what percent of water?
94-99.9
Which method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio?
Injection
The application rate for Class A foam is the same as?
Minimum required flow rate for water
Foam concentrates can be mixed with fresh water or what?
Salt water
Which type of nozzle should be used with protein foam concentrates?
Air-aspirating foam nozzle
What is a major disadvantage of premixing foam concentrate?
Premixing foam can only be used once
Which method of foam proportioning occurs when an appropriate amount of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water?
batch mixing
Why should direct skin contact be avoided when working with class A foam concentrate?
has a corrosive effect
The drain time for Class A foam solution will increase in proportioning with increases in the?
foam percentage of the solution
The type of concentrate used, whether or not the fuel is on fire, and whether the fuel is contained or uncontained are variables that affect the foams?
rate of application
Which of the following is a common application for high expansion foam?
concealed space fires
Which type of nozzle should be used with protein foam concentrates?
air aspirating foam nozzle
How are water aspirating devices different from other medium and high expansion foam producing nozzles?
larger and longer
Which foam application method would be MOST commonly used at an incident involving an aboveground storage tank?
rain down method
Products used as extinguishing agents as well as pre treatment of structures threatened by fire spread and that generally retain their fire retarding properties are called?
durable agents
Under conditions that require large quantities of foam such as industrial fire facilities, which method of storage would be MOST prudent?
totes
Dry foam is MOST likely to be used on which of the following?
vertical surfaces
Class B foams are designed to suppress fires involving?
flammable and combustible liquids
If stored in a cool area, Class B synthetic foams may have a shelf life of approximately how many years?
20-25 years
Class B foams are mixed in proportioners from?
1 to 6 percent
Which of the following is BEST described as the increase in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated?
foam expansion
Using an in-line eductor requires the used to understand that foam concentrates becomes less viscous?
when cooled
Which of the following is the most commonly used type of synthetic foam concentrates?
AFFF
Smooth bore nozzles are limited to the application of?
Class A foam from CAFS
What is the MOST common type of installed proportioner used in modern fire apparatus?
around the pump proportioner
Which foam application method would be MOST effective if a pool of liquid fuel is ignited in the middle of an open field?
roll-on method
what proportions are class B mixed at?
1-6%
what percentages of water are fire fighting foam concentrations supposed to be mixed with?
94-99%
what is foam concentrate?
raw foam in its container
what is the shelf life of class B synthetic foam?
20-25 years
what is the most common foam proportioner in fire fighting?
around the pump
what must be done to mechanical firefighting foams be for use?
be proportioned and aerated
what type of foam would be used for a confined space fire?
high expansion foam
when to use air-aspirating foam nozzle?
with protein foam concentrate
what kind water can foam concentrate mix with?
fresh or salt water
what it called when foam is poured directly into a tank of water?
batch mixing
what a benefit of CAFS over foam?
farther reaching stream
what happens as class A foam increases in percentage of solution?
increase in drain time
what type foam is for one time use?
premixed foam
what does induction use to draft foam concentrate into a fire stream?
pressure of water stream
where is a in-line eductor suppose to attach in a foam system?
directly to pump panel or 50ft hose lay
what decreases surface tension of water which are included in class A foam?
hydrocarbon surfactants
what position should foam be flowing from?
uphill and upwind
what nozzle does class A foam from CAFS use?
smooth bore
what would discribe foam with air introduced?
foam expansion
what happens if you mix different types of foam concentrate
produce ineffective foam with reduced suppression capabilities
