20 - IFSTA Chapter 20 Flashcards
What are known as the actual procedures and actions to carry out strategies?
Tactics
Idealy, what is the best rescue approach with an aerial device?
Upwind on level ground with no obstructions
What are the two advanatges to position an aerial at a corner?
Reach victims on two sides and safer on the corner if a structual collapse occurs
What is the highest priority of group of victims to rescue?
Most severely threatened by conditions of the hazard
What is the lowest priority of group of victims to rescue?
People in exposed areas
What is the best position for an aerial device?
When the device is extended, rotated and perpendicular to the objective
When using an aerial ladder, where should the first rung of the ladder tip be placed?
Even with the windowsill
When removing trapped victims from a roof, where should the tip of the aerial ladder be placed?
6’ above the roof
What method of victim removal is best used for a heavier person who is concious and able to control his/her own movements but not strong enough to descend on his/her own?
Knee-sit
Which NFPA provides guidance for rope and hardware for lifting a load?
1983
If rope is passed through the pulley with the working end anchored to something other than the ladder itself, what happens to the load on the device?
It becomes twice the weight of the load on the other device
What ppe must all personnel have if working near water?
PFD
Where should the driver/operator position the aerial when providing ventilation for a flat roof?
On the unburned side, as close as possible from the area being ventilated
Elevated master streams are most commonly used in what type of fire attack?
Defensive
What is known as an aggressive attack of a fire from the exterior with a large diameter fire stream?
Blitz attack
How much weight to the structure does 200 gpm add?
2000 lbs
If only one master stream nozzle is available, how should the stream be managed between the fire building and the exposure?
It should be alternated
When does a fog stream ineffective?
High winds
When using the aerial to rescue victims from an aircraft, where should the device be positioned?
So the aerial reaches the leading edge of the wing
What is the most effective way to perform a blitz attack?
Defelect water off the ceiling of the fire room
Any driver/operator who is operating an aerial apparatus that is equipped with or without a pump is required to also meet the requirements of what standard?
NFPA 1001
What is the NFPA standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire departments?
NFPA 1582
Which NFPA standard contains a list of frequencies that a driver/operator must be able to hear?
NFPA 1582
Where is the most common place for a collision to occur?
Intersection
What should a driver/operator maintain in order to lower the chances of being involed in a collision?
Situational awareness
The water tank should be at what level to provide better braking and subsequent road surface traction?
Full tank
What two NFPA standards establish requirements for seat belt use on fire apparatus?
NFPA 1901, 1500
What light comes on in the dash when the exhaust system is very hot?
HEST indicator
After a driver/operator continues to ignore an empty DEF tank, the apparatus may be limited to what speed?
5 mph
An idle time of what is usually sufficient to return a hot engine to normal operating temperature?
3 - 5 minutes
What is the angle of approach?
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front of the apparatus
What is the angle of departure?
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear of the apparatus
What is the breakover angle?
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint
NFPA 1901 requires what in every apparatus?
Placard that lists vehicle weight in feet and tons
At what speed may an emergency vehicle outrun the effective range of its audible warning device?
50 mph
When more than one emergency vehicle is responding along the same route, they should travel what distance appart?
300 - 500 feet
NFPA 1500 requires responding apparatus to do what before proceeding through an intersection?
Come to a complete stop
NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of what, be equipped with an auxiliary braking system?
36,000 lb
What is the least capable of the four auxiliary brake devices?
Exhaust brakes
All fire apparatus training and testing should follow what NFPA standard?
NFPA 1451
the best rescue approach is made from
upwind on level grade and without obstructions.
If possible, the driver/operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue at the corner of the building. There are two advantages to positioning on a corner:
You can reach victims on 2 sides of the building, you are safer on the corner in the event of a collapse.
If a rescue is to be made from an area threatened by fire, hoselines can be used to protect the victims, rescuers, and the aerial device. The prefered procedure is to
The preferred procedure is to use a wide-angle fog stream
In situations that require using aerial apparatus for rescue, the main objective is to
reach as many victims or points of egress as possible with a minimum number of aerial movements.
Highest priority for rescues should be given to
Those who are in the greatest amount of real or perceived danger
Which occupants of a structure are typically in the greatest danger?
occupants located on or immediately above the fire floor
rescuers should give preference to individuals who are
in a panicked state and appear ready to jump if they do not see that help is imminent.
When two or more groups of victims appear to be in the same amount of danger. Which one should be rescued first?
the larger of the two groups should have the aerial device extended to them first
When extending the aerial to the roof to the assist with ventialtion
Extend the fly sections so that a minimum of 6 feet protrudes over the edge of the roof.
The best position for rescues is one in which
the extended and rotated aerial device is perpendicular to the objective
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position
the tip should be placed above the target spot according to the manufacturer’s recommendation.
In many cases, optimum positioning is not possible, and the aerial ladder must be extended toward the objective spot at an angle. extend the ladder so that the
beam on the building side of the ladder is above and over the objective
When maneuvering any aerial device to reach a victim trapped in an elevated position, the aerial device should initially be
aimed above the victim and then lowered
When removing trapped victims from a roof the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed
so that at least 6 feet extends above the edge of the roof
A firefighter should always lead the adult victim down the ladder.
Lead victims down the ladder
When rescuing conscious victims with an aerial platform. With the top railing positioned level with the windowsill or balcony railing
The top railing should be positioned level with the windowsill or balcony railing
How many firefighters are required to move an unconcsious victim onto an aerial platform?
2
Victims jumping onto the aerial device
can cause catastrophic failure.
What might an aerial be equipped with to be used for rope rescue operation?
lifting eye
When providing access for ventilating a flat roof, the driver/operator should position the aerial apparatus on the unburned side of the structure as close as possible to the area being ventilated.
on the unburned side of the structure
What represents the overall plans needed to successfully mitigate an emergency and terminate an incident?
Operational strategies
Which of these is not an operational strategy consideration?
Weather
What are the actual procedures and actions taken to seccessfully carry out strategies?
Tactics
What allows for early and correct aerial placement?
Communication
Where should aerial devices position to avoid products of combustion or toxic vapors?
Upwind
What should happen if the aerial device is being used as an emergency escape?
It should not be repositioned
What is the advantage of positioning the aerial apparatus on the corner of the building?
It can access two sides
Who is given the highest priority for rescue by the aerial device?
Occupants located on or immediately above the fire floor
Why is the best position for the aerial device perpendicular to the objective?
Twisting stresses imposed on the aerial are reduced
How should the aerial ladder be positioned if it needs to be supported?
Both base rails are evenly in contact with the supporting object
How should the aerial device be maneuvered to reach a victim?
The aerial device should be aimed above the victim then lowered to them
How should the aerial ladder be positioned at a window for rescue?
The first rung of the ladder tip should be placed even with the window sill
How should the aerial platform be positioned at a window for rescue?
The platform should be placed so the top rail of the platform is even with the window sill
How should the aerial ladder be positioned for rescue from a roof?
The tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so at least six feet extends above the edge of the roof
What is the term for the vertical extension of an exterior wall above the roofline of a building?
Parapet wall
What is the term for a wire or plastic basket-type litter suitable for transporting patients and can be used with a harness for lifting?
Stokes basket
How many firefighters are prefered for assisting victims in boarding and descending the aerial ladder?
2
How should windows be taken out if the wind is blowing across the face of the building?
From downwind to upwind
At what rate does water add weight to a structure?
2,000 pounds for every 250 gpm
Where should the aerial ladder be positioned when used for large commercial passenger aircraft rescues?
Positioned to the aft of entry doors
Aerial deployment is categorized under what type of on scene communication?
Tactical
How should the aerial be postioned to avoid products of combustion
upwind
An aerial ladder or platform can be used for victim removal if
interior and exterior stairways are not accessable
If possible the aerial should be located at a corner, due to collapse potential and
to reach victims from two sides
When protecting the aerial or personnel on the ladder from heat/fire what is the safest regarding water usage
cool using a wide fog
To remove victims from a window using a platform when off center, postion the platform
at an angle to the window either in front or behind
Upon arrival of aerial, if a group of victims are to be removed via aerial ladder, position the turn table
directly in line with victims
To prioritize victim removal, which is first priority
most threatened by hazard
What type of aerial ladder should be raised above target for victim removal
unsupported
When performing a rescue with aerial ladder, the ladder should be in what positon at the window
first rung even with sill
What is the easiest postion of a platform aerial for victim removal
over the top rail
Where should an aerial ladder be placed for a roof rescue
at least 6 feet above roof edge
If encountered on a roof, this type of wall may require a roof ladder for access from an aerial
parapet
When moving a victim onto an aerial with 2 fire fighters, where should they be utilized
inside the building and on the tip of aerial
The “knee-sit” method for what kind of victim removal down a ladder
conscious able to control movements
For every 250gpm flowing into a structure, how much water weight is being added per minute
2000 lbs
During aircraft rescues, you may use the aerial apparatus to…
Gain access to the aricraft and to remove any victims
Because heat is transmitted through water, to protect exposures with a hose line it is best to do what with the stream
apply directly to the exposure
When using an elevated master stream in a blitz attack…
place nozzle in the lower portion of the window and direct the stream toward the ceiling.
On scene postioning is important because occasionally the most valuable exposure on scene is what
fire apparatus
Which of the following is most important for the driver/operator to monitor while rescuing people in hazard areas?
Fire conditions
Which of the following will most likely dictate what type of stream should be used at a fire incident?
The fire conditions
Which of the following will be a strong indication that victims are in the worst situation during a fire?
Visible fire conditions
When positioning the aerial device for a rescue from a window, how must the tip must be positioned in relation to the area of the window opening?
The window opening is not diminished by the tip
By directing the master stream at the ceiling of a target fire area, this should penetrate the area without doing what exactly?
Disturbing the thermal layering
Where is the typical location that poses the greatest danger for occupants in a building fire?
Floor immediately above the fire
Determining which victims are in the most danger is a judgment call made by the incident commander, truck company officer, or who else?
Aerial apparatus driver/operator
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
Above the target spot
In an ideal situation, where is the best rescue approach made from without obstruction?
Upwind on level grade
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the supported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
Resting evenly in contact with the supporting object
Which of the following best describes why firefighters should exercise caution when entering a structure that has been subjected to a long-term master stream blitz attack?
Risk of water damage or collapse
Which of the following is most likely the purpose for an aerial apparatus to be called to an incident involving an aircraft crash?
To gain access to victims
Which of the following most likely affects the chance of an exposure catching fire?
Construction type and proximity of exposure
How many firefighters are preferred to assist victims in boarding and descending an aerial ladder during a rescue?
Two
Why should there always be a straight forward exit route for apparatus at an incident?
In the event that operations must be abandoned
Which group of people should be rescued first if every group appears to be in the same amount of danger?
The larger group
Which of the following is most appropriate regarding carrying small children and adults down an aerial ladder?
It should be a last resort
Which of the following types of nozzle streams would most likely be adversely influenced by atmospheric or fire created winds?
Fog stream
Which method of carrying victims down an aerial ladder requires the firefighter to lace both hands under the victim’s body and grasp the handrails?
Across the rails
There are three type of communications; on scene communications, tactical communications, and what other type?
Pre arrival communications
When ever possible, position the aerial device with the wind where to avoid products of combustion?
Up wind
Where is the best positioning on a building for an aerial device?
On the corner
What are the three types of communication for a successful aerial operation?
Pre-arrival, on scene, tactical
What are the two advantages to positioning an aerial apparatus on the corner?
Reach victims on both sides and safer for structural collapse
What is the 1st priority for victim removal with an aerial device?
Severely threatened
Where should the turn table be in comparison to the victim?
Perpendicular
Where should the tip of the aerial device be in conjunction to the building?
Unsupported tip at the target
Why should the ladder tip be raised above the victim then lowered to them?
To prevent the victim from jumping
When the tip of an aerial device is at an angle compared to the building , how should it be?
The beam closest to the building should be slightly over the roof line
This type of exterior wall is carried above the roof line?
Parapet
How should a tower bucket be positioned to a building?
With the door of the basket straight to the building
When positioning the tip of the aerial device, how far above the building should it be?
6’
Why should victims being removed from the building have a firefighter with them on an aerial device?
To prevent falls
What is the preferred way to move larger victims that are conous but not strong enough to walk?
Knee-sit
What carry is the most diffacult and requires two firefighters on the ladder?
Over the shoulder
How should an aerial device be positioned when braking windows from the tip?
Slightly above and up wind
What is it called when you use a 2-1/2” or larger fire stream on a fire?
Blitz attach
What should be a concern with a defensive attach?
Water weight causing a collapse
What can be used to disrupt the thermal Colum and reduce convection heat?
Fog stream
What is a concern about positioning near water?
Unstable or wet ground
The driver operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue where?
Corner of the building
Building occupants located where are in the greatest danger?
Fire floor
The second priority for rescue is for who?
Largest number of people
How many different priorities are there in rescueing victims?
4
The driver operator should try to keep the aerial device how in relation to the victims?
Perpendicular
When performing a rescue in a window, place the first rung of the ladded where?
Even with the windowsill
When approaching a window squarely with the platform, how should you position the platform?
Top rail of the platform even with the windowsill
When removing trapped victims from a roof, the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so that at least how much extends above the edge of the roof?
6 feet
How should infants or small children be carried as the firefighter descends the ladder?
Cradled in the firefighter’s arm
The over-the-shoulder carry is the most difficult and should only be performed with how many firefighters on the ladder?
2
If the rope is passed through the pulley with the working end anchored to something other than the ladder itself, the load on the device becomes how much heaver then the weight of the load on the other end of the rope?
2x
When an aerial apparatus is used for water rescue and in order to reach the victim, it is usually nescessary to spot the apparatus how close from the water’s edge?
A few feet
