17 - IFSTA Chapter 17 Flashcards
apparatus placement procedures should be developed during
Preincident planning
Long extensions at low angles place the ________ amount of stress on an aerial device and, in some cases, reduce its load-carrying capacity.
Maximum
Older trucks (typically built before______) should not be used at low elevations and long extensions, because they weren’t designed for those positions. Strict attention to the load chart must be maintained. Always follow manufacturers’ recommendations fo
1991
______ refers to positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground.
spotting
Preincident plans should identify parking lots with potential for _______
stabiliziation problems
Positioning with the front of the apparatus up-hill: With the ________, the truck has less resistance to sliding downhill
rear tires off the ground
Positioning with the rear of the apparatus up-hill: — It will be easier to reach the ground with ____
a platform operating off the rear of the apparatus.
Moderate to high winds impose a ______ on the aerial device and may reduce the overall stability by forcing movement for which the apparatus was not designed.
Dynamic load
OSHA recently revised their overhead power line clearances for the construction industry. The new standard requires ___ feet between the device and overhead electric lines of less than 350 kilovolts. For high tensions lines of over 350 kilovolts, OSHA req
20, 50
If the apparatus is to be positioned in a dead-end access, ________ into position if possible. This will make an escape faster if it becomes necessary.
Back the apparatus
Turn the front wheels ____ from the firefighters working highway incidents
Away
Most railroad companies advise that vehicles be kept at least _____ feet from the tracks when possible.
25
keep the aerial device at least ____ feet above the level of the rails as an added safety precaution.
25
If the fire building is known to be in poor repair, the aerial device should not be used _____
supported position (touching the building).
If multiple apparatus must work on a bridge, do not park or operate all apparatus on the ______
Same span
Never park an apparatus on ____
Railroad tracks
Consider parking additional apparatus ____ to ____ feet behind the shielding apparatus to act as an additional barrier between firefighters and the flow of traffic.
150, 200
On high-speed roadways, apparatus should not be driven against the normal flow of traffic unless the road _______
is controlled by law enforcement
Position fire apparatus at _____ to act as a shield between the flow of traffic and the firefighters working on the incident
an angle
Which one of these is not a consideration for the placement of aerial apparatus?
Scene lighting
The term used to describe the area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to fall?
Collapse Zone
What places the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device and in some cases reduces its load carrying capacity?
Long Extensions
Which one of these is not a factor to consider when determining the final operating position of these aerial apparatus?
Water Source
What is the term for the position of the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiancy for operating on the fire ground?
Spotting
What is a good indication of underground voids?
Manhole Covers
Which of these is not an example of a stable surface that could degrade with exposure to weather and or incident conditions?
Solid Concrete that is stable
What is the term for loads that involve motion, also known as shock loading?
Dynamic Load
Per OSHA, how many feet of clearance should be provided between the aerial device and overhead electric lines less than 350 Kilovolts?
20 feet
Per OSHA, how many feet of clearance should be provided between the aerial device and high tension lines greater than 350 Kilovolts?
50 feet
What should you do if you are in a vehicle that contacts ot is energized by a power line?
Stay where you are unless it is on fire
The aerial apparatus is the most stable when the aerial device is operated in what position?
Operate the aerial device direct over the front or rear of the apparatus body.
At what angle does the greatest stability occur when jacklifting the tractor from in line with the trailer for use of the aerial device away from the angle?
60 degrees
Which one of these is not an example of stress on an aerial device?
Proper Stabilization
Torsion of an aerial device is what type of force?
Twisting
Which is not a guideline to abide by for apparatus positioning at highway incidents?
Once on scene, place headlights in the high-beam setting without flashing
How far do most railroad companies advise to keep apparatus vehicles away from railroad tracks?
25 feet
Which is not a guidline to abid by for aerial apparatus when opperating from a bridge?
If multiple apparatus must work on a bridge, it is ok to park or operate all apparatus on the same span.
Which one of these is not an indicator of an unstable building?
Water damage
Which one of these is not a general consideration to abide by for aerial apparatus operators when responding to a potential hazardous materials emergency?
Approach the incident from the downwind and downhill side if at all possible.
One reason aerial apparatus placement on a fireground is critical is because
aerial devices and ladders have a fixed maximum length
What building factor determines if the aerial or engine park closer to the side of the building if aerial arrives first
if the building is greater or less than 5 stories
Proper distance between an objective and aerial apparatus should include 3 considerations
maximum stability, best climbing angle and adequate extension
What combination of aerial ladder positioning places the greatest stress on the ladder
long extension and low angle
Surfaces to be aware of when deploying stabilizers that may not support an aerial due to void spaces underground are termed
vaulted surfaces
When positioning the aerial apparatus up-hill, rear compartments will be difficult to reach as well as
apparatus will be less resistant to sliding
Wind, vibration and falling objects all contribute to what regarding aerials
dynamic load
Which of the following OSHA distance guidelines are true regarding high voltage power lines
maintain 20 feet clearance/350kV or less
If you respond to a person inside a vehicle with downed power line on top of it
exiting the vehicle is more hazardous than remaining inside
Stabilizing the aerial device is improved by
operating in line
When should the aerial appratus be driven past the fire building to better operate the aerial
approaching from uphill side
On high speed roadways, apparatus should not be driven against flow of traffic unless
cleared by law enforcement for access
It is recommended to park apparatus at least how far from railroad tracks
25 feet
the collapse zone is how long
1.5 times the building height
When responding to an aircraft emergency landing, stage near the expected touchdown and
complete the response after aircraft touchdown
When positioning for fire reported involving large storage tanks, operator should
position up wind if possible
If the aerial apparatus is in a support role at the scene, where should it be located
in a manner that does not obstruct other appartus that need to be closer
What position are most modern aerial devices designed to be deployed on roof tops
unsupported
A method of stabilizing a Tillered aerial is called
jackknifing
Maximum loading of the aerial ladder is possible at what angle
between 70-80 degrees
Which of the following is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
Shiny, glass-like surfaces where the asphalt “bleeds”
Which of the following is a factor that the driver/operator must consider when determining the final operating position of the aerial apparatus?
Surface conditions
Which of the following is most likely a consideration for fire department SOP’s on apparatus placemenet?
Height of the building
Which of the following involves turning the tractor at an angle from the truck?
Jacknifing
When operating at storage tank fires, the apparatus should never be spotted where?
Inside the dike that surrounds the affected tank(s)
When possible, the driver/operator should park on the same side of the tracks as a railway incident to do what?
Negate the need to raise the aerial device across the tracks
Operating the aerial device in line with the longitudinal axis (apparatus body) can do what?
Improve the stability of the aerial device
When operating on a bridge, which of the following best describes why the driver/operator should be sure the road surface upon which the apparatus is parked is in good repair and avoid weak spots?
Stabilizers could punch through the bridge decking
When should the company officer and driver/operator most consider the possibility that a hazardous material may be involved in an incident?
On all vehicle-related responses
When serving in a supporting role for a technical rescue incident, the proper positioning for an aerial device should be where?
Away from the rescue operation, yet accessible if needed
What should the distance between the aerial apparatu and the objective be consistent with?
The ladder’s planned use
Which of the following should be given the most consideration during aerial apparatus preincident planning for target hazards?
Overhead obstructions
When approaching, positioning, and operating at an incident, how should the driver/operator place the apparatus?
To minimize the angle and extension to which the aerial device will be raised
When should an aerial apparatus not park within a building’s collapse zone?
When the building has been exposed to severe fire conditions
Which of the following increases stress the most on the aerial device?
Operating ladder rungs nonparallel to the ground
On thin-skinned paved parking lots or private driveways, if the stabilizer pads or cribbing are not placed beneath the stabilizer shoes on the aerial apparatus, what will the stabilizers most likely do?
Puncture the parking surface
What are factors that work against an aerial device’s strength known as?
Stresses
If operating an aerial apparatus at night, how should the driver/operator search for power lines or poles?
With powerful lights
When responding to an incident on a roadway, why should the front wheels of the apparatus be turned away from the working firefighters?
The apparatus will not be driven into them if it is struck from behind
In tactical considerations, which of the following does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus afford?
Maximum stability
The area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it looses structural integrity is called?
Collapse zone
What is the designate Hight that determines if the truck parks inside or outside of the engine?
60 foot
What can create the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device and in some cases reduce its load caring capacity?
Long extension and low angle
When positioning an aerial apparatus on the fire ground, what 2 things do you position for?
Utmost efficiency and ladder to reach an object or person
What is the prepose of the stabilizer pad?
To provide better weight distribution
Vaults, parking structures, utility chases, drainage culverts, and basements under sidewalks that are underground are called?
Vaulted surfaces
What is a concern with aerial outrigger placement ?
Unstable working surface due to weakening
A load that involves motion like wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, and falling objects is called?
Dynamic load
Overhead wires or cables should be considered dangerous. Electricity can jump a gap of up to how many feet?
10
High voltage lines should be given how many feet of clearance?
50
OSHA specifies 350 kilovolts as the divider between distance for clearance. What are they?
20’ and 50’
If any apparatus becomes energized to potently energized, what should personnel do?
Jump clear
If a apparatus is energized, what is the safe distance to be away from the apparatus?
150’
With the ladder up on an aerial apparatus, when is it most stable?
Off the front or rear
What is a good angle of stability with the cab of the tiller apparatus?
60 Degrees
Where do you find the Manufactures Recommendation for Maximum Loading?
On the apparatus turn table
What creates a twist in the the aerial device?
Working over the side on a hill
If you have to raise the aerial device over a rail road trax what is the minimum height it should be?
25’
The collapse zone is equal to what times the height of a building?
1.5 times
What are the three big challenges with positioning at a refinery?
Narrow driveways, dead ends, and overhead obstructions
Apparatus may be centered in front of the involved portion of the building for offensive operations or where for defensive operations?
Corner of the building
The aerial device is parked outside of an engine if the building is greater then how many stories and feet?
5 stories / 60 feet
Positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground is called what?
Spotting
The driver/operator must consider certain factors when determining the final operating position of all of the following except what?
Fire conditions
What is the unattached flat metal plate that is larger in area than the stabilizer foot called?
Stabilizer pad
What is the ground above underground vaults such as underground parking structures, utillity chases, drainage culverts is called what?
Vaulted surfaces
The primary spotting consideration associated with hot weather is what?
Extreme heat may tend to weaken marginal or otherwise firm paved surfaces
Loads that involve motion is called what?
Dynamic load
Electricity will arc across a gap as large as what?
10 feet
Do not work within how many feet of high-voltage transmission lines?
50 feet
The OSHA standard for distance between the device and overhead electrical lines of less than 350 kilovolts is what?
20 feet
The apparatus is most stable when the aerial device is operated how?
Directly over the front or rear of the vehicle
Aerial stress can occur from all of the following except what?
Weight of equipment while engaged in fire fighting operations
Jacknifing the tractor at what degree angle from in-line with the trailer provides good stability when the aerial device is extended away from the angle
60 degrees
Some of the most dangerous scenarios faced by firefighters are operations on highways, interstates, turnpikes, and other busy roadways. All of the following are incidents that may be encounter except what?
Medical emergencies
On high-speed roadways, apparatus should not be driven against the normal flow of traffic unless the road has been cleared by who?
Law enforcement officials
On highway incidents you should consider parking additional apparatus how far behind the shielding apparatus to act as an additional barrier between firefighters and the flow of traffic
150-200 feet
Where should apparatus never be parked?
On railroad tracks
Most railraod companies advise that vehicles be kept at least how many feet from the tracks when possible?
25 feet
The following are basic types of aircraft incidents to which aerial apparatus may respond except what?
EMS calls
How far away should the aerial apparatus be if the power line voltage is unknown?
50 ft
How far away should the aerial apparatus be if the power line voltage is 350 kilovolts or less?
20 ft
At what angle does jacknifing the tillered truck provide the greatest stability?
60 degrees
When operating near railroads, what is the minimum distance to be kept from the track whenever possible?
25 ft
Which of the following is not one of the many indicators that a building may become unstable?
Falling glass from windows
What is the factor that works against the aerial device’s strength?
Stress
Where should the apparatus never be spotted when operating at a storage tank fire?
Inside the dike
What is the proper positioning for an aerial device when serving in a supporting role for a technical rescue?
Away from the operation, yet accessible
Which is not one of the challenges when positioning the aerial apparatus to attack fires or protect exposures in processing facilities or refineries?
Traffic
How should aerial apparatus generally approach incidents?
Upwind, uphill
Where should the aerial apparatus position if it’s not possible to locate off the street during an emergency medical incident?
Positioned to shield the patient loading area of the ambulance
What is one visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
Bleeds, creating a shiny glass-like surface
Where should the aerial apparatus generally be positioned if it is going to be used in a supporting role?
In a manner that does not block other apparatus that need to be closer to the work area
What is the reason for the driver/operator to position the apparatus on the same side of the tracks as the incident?
Negates the need to raise the aerial device across the tracks
How should the aerial apparatus be positioned when operating at an incident?
Minimizes the angle and extension to which the aerial device will be raised
What does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial device afford?
Maximum stability
What’s the tactical impact when positioning with the front of the apparatus directed uphill?
The rear compartments will be more difficult to reach
What’s the tactical impact when positioning with the rear of the apparatus directed uphill?
Easier to reach the ground with a platform operating off the rear
What benefit is provided when operating the aerial device in line with the longitudinal axis?
Imporved stability
Which terrain condition might become unstable as the incident progresses?
Frozen soil
Which of the following should be given the MOST consideration during aerial apparatus preincident planning for target hazards?
overhead obstructions
Which of the following is MOST likely a consideration for fire department SOP’s on apparatus placement?
height of the building
After the fire department has developed SOPs about aerial apparatus placement, when should the driver/operator follow them?
on every responses
In tactical considerations, which of the following does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus afford?
maximum stability
The distance between the aerial apparatus and the objective should be consistent with the?
ladders planned use
An aerial apparatus should not park within a buildings collapse zone when the building?
has been exposed to severe fire conditions
Which of the following is a factor the driver/operator must consider when determining the final operating position of the aerial apparatus?
surface conditions
Which of the following is the BEST example of a surface that may be stable when the incident begins, but may become unstable as the incident progresses?
frozen soil
Driver/operators must be aware of parking on vaulted surfaces that may be created by?
drainage culverts
Which of the following is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
shiny, glass like surfaces where the asphalt “bleeds”
Which of the following is an example of a weather phenomenon caused by buildings that should be avoided by drive/operators when possible?
wind tunnels
The long standing fire service standard has been to provide clearance between the aerial device and overhead voltage lines energized from 600-50,000 volts, how much distance should be provided?
10 feet
If operating an aerial apparatus at night, the driver/operator should search for power lines or poles?
with powerful lights
Operating the aerial device in line with the longitudinal axis can?
improve the stability of the aerial device
Which of the following involves turning the tractor at an angle from the truck?
jackknifing
Factors that work against an aerial device’s strength are known as?
stresses
When the aerial device is in motion, the stress on the device tends to be?
greater
Which of the following best describe how driver/operators should approach incidents?
upwind and uphill
Which of the following is MOST likely to affect the stability of the apparatus on highways and elevated roadways?
vibrations from moving traffic
At a structure fire, which of the following is the best potential sign of a structural collapse?
sagging roofs
Which of the following should be given the MOST consideration during aerial apparatus preincident planning for target hazards?
overhead obstructions
Which of the following is MOST likely a consideration for fire department SOP’s on apparatus placement?
height of the building
After the fire department has developed SOPs about aerial apparatus placement, when should the driver/operator follow them?
on every responses
In tactical considerations, which of the following does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus afford?
maximum stability
The distance between the aerial apparatus and the objective should be consistent with the?
ladders planned use
An aerial apparatus should not park within a buildings collapse zone when the building?
has been exposed to severe fire conditions
Which of the following is a factor the driver/operator must consider when determining the final operating position of the aerial apparatus?
surface conditions
Which of the following is the BEST example of a surface that may be stable when the incident begins, but may become unstable as the incident progresses?
frozen soil
Driver/operators must be aware of parking on vaulted surfaces that may be created by?
drainage culverts
Which of the following is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
shiny, glass like surfaces where the asphalt “bleeds”
Which of the following is an example of a weather phenomenon caused by buildings that should be avoided by drive/operators when possible?
wind tunnels
The long standing fire service standard has been to provide clearance between the aerial device and overhead voltage lines energized from 600-50,000 volts, how much distance should be provided?
10 feet
If operating an aerial apparatus at night, the driver/operator should search for power lines or poles?
with powerful lights
Operating the aerial device in line with the longitudinal axis can?
improve the stability of the aerial device
Which of the following involves turning the tractor at an angle from the truck?
jackknifing
Factors that work against an aerial device’s strength are known as?
stresses
When the aerial device is in motion, the stress on the device tends to be?
greater
Which of the following best describe how driver/operators should approach incidents?
upwind and uphill
Which of the following is MOST likely to affect the stability of the apparatus on highways and elevated roadways?
vibrations from moving traffic
At a structure fire, which of the following is the best potential sign of a structural collapse?
sagging roofs
When should apparatus placement procedures be developed?
During preincident planning
The term used to describe the area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to fall?
Collapse Zone
Where should the engine and aerial apparatus park if the building is less than five stories tall?
Engine should park on the inside of the street closest to the building and the aerial apparatus should park on the outside of the engine
What is the term for the position of the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiancy for operating on the fire ground?
Spotting
Which of these is not a step in reducing a hazard for aerial apparatus?
Operate aerial device at low angles off the side of the apparatus
What will happen by facing an aerial device with two rear jacks uphill?
Angle of the turntable is decreased which increases the capability and stability
What is the term for loads that involve motion, also known as shock loading?
Dynamic Load
Per OSHA, how many feet of clearance should be provided between the aerial device and overhead electric lines less than 350 Kilovolts?
20 feet
Per OSHA, how many feet of clearance should be provided between the aerial device and high tension lines greater than 350 Kilovolts?
50 feet
With articulating apparatus, which of these is not a potential point of contact with power lines?
Hose bed
The aerial apparatus is the most stable when the aerial device is operated in what position?
Operate the aerial device direct over the front or rear of the apparatus body.
At what angle does the greatest stability occur when jacklifting the tractor from in line with the trailer for use of the aerial device away from the angle?
60 degrees
When is stress the greatest on aerial devices?
When in motion
Torsion of an aerial device is what type of force?
Twisting
What happens to aerial loading as it is extended?
Loading capacity is decreased
Which is not a guideline to abide by for apparatus positioning at highway incidents?
Once on scene, place headlights in the high-beam setting without flashing
What should a driver/operator never do, on the scene of a roadway incident, in order to maintain scene safety?
Shutdown all warning lights
How high should an aerial device be raised, if absolutely necessary, above a railroad track?
At least 25 feet
Which is not a guidline to abid by for aerial apparatus when opperating from a bridge?
If multiple apparatus must work on a bridge, it is ok to park or operate all apparatus on the same span.
Which of these is not a safety consideration to watch for during positioning on aircraft incidents?
Stage apparatus far away from the expected touchdown area
Using the inside out method, where should the engine company be positioned in correlation to the truck company on a structure that is greater than five stories?
outside the truck
What positioning causes the most stress on a aerial device?
long extension at low angles
When should the stabilizer pads be used?
on every call where the stabilizers are deployed
What is a good indicator of a “vaulted surface”?
manhole covers
Which of the following is a disadvantage of positioning the front of the aerial apparatus up-hill from the incident?
the rear tires would be off the ground giving the truck less traction
Which of the following is a disadvantage of positioning the front of the aerial apparatus up-hill from the incident?
the rear compartments will be more difficult to reach
Which of the following is a disadvantage of positioning the rear of the aerial apparatus up-hill from the incident?
the front tires would be lifting off the ground causing the frame rails to sag making it difficult for the aerial to stow properly
High winds impose what kind of load on the aerial device?
dynamic
What is the preferred method of operating the aerial device in windy conditions?
operating parallel to the wind
What is the minimal distance an aerial device can operate from transmission powerlines carrying over 50 kv of electricity?
50 feet
How far can electricity gap or arc?
10 feet
What is the minimal distance an aerial deice can operate from power lines carrying less than 350 kilovolts outlined by OSHA?
20 feet
What is the minimal distance an aerial device can operate from power lines carrying 600 -50 kilovolts of electricity?
10 feet
Aerial device’s have the most stability when:
they operate in line with the longitudinal axis of the body
Jackknifing a tillered aerial apparatus beyond 90 degrees:
decreases the stability of the aerial device
What is the proper positioning for a tillered aerial device to allow for the greatest stability?
jackknifing the tractor 60 degrees and extending away from the angle
When does the maximum loading occur in unsupported aerial devices>
angles between 70 and 80 degrees from horizontal
Which of the following best describes optimal position for an aerial device when approaching an incident from the uphill side of an incline?
proceed pass the objective and operate the aerial from the rear
According to IFSTA, what is the minimal distance that shall be kept between an aerial device and railroad tracks?
25 feet
Which of the following incident objectives is not a consideration for aerial placement on an incident?
handline deployment
The area beneath a wall in whch the wall is likely to land if it loses structural integrity is what?
Collapse Zone
If a building is less than five stories tall, the pumping apparatus may be positioned where?
Inside
If a building is more than five stories tall, the pumping apparatus may be positioned where?
Outside
What type of extension places the most stress on the aerial?
Long extensions at low angles
One visual indicator of a compromised asphaly surface due to extreme heat is when?
The asphalt “bleeds”
A load that involves motion is what?
Dynamic Load
Electricity will arc across a gap as large as how many feet?
10
An aerial device should provide how many feet of clearance between it and high-voltage transmission lines over 50,000 volts?
50
When jacknifing a tractor, the greatest stability occurs when the angle is approximately how many degrees?
60
Good stability occurs between how many degrees when jacknifing a tiller?
60-90
When approaching a building from the uphill side, the apparatus should be operated how?
Over the rear of the apparatus
When approaching a building from the downhill side, the apparatus should be operated how?
Over the front of the apparatus
The maximum loading for any unsupported aerial device occurs when operated at what angles?
70-80 degrees from horizontal
When operating on a roadway incident, consider parking additional apparatus where to act as an additional shield?
150-200 feet behind the shielding apparatus
If necessary to raise an aerial above railroad tracks, what precaution should be taken?
Keep aerial at least 25’ above rails
What is a collapse zone equal to?
One and a half times the height of the building
Which of the following is not an indicator that a building may be becoming unstable?
Water coming from in between floors
When running hazardous materials incidents that also involve other vehicles, what should firefighters be preppared for?
A car accident
What is a risk of positioning an aerial device with the front of the apparatus up-hill?
The truck has less resistance to sliding downhill
What is a risk of positioning an aerial device with the rear of the apparatus up-hill?
The frame rails may sag and make the device more difficult to stow
Where is the weight calculated when an aerial is flowing water?
center-point of the ladder
For a building less than five stories, or 60 feet, where should the aerial position?
on the outside of the engine
What places the maximum amount of stress on the aerial device?
long extensions at low angles
What may be a factor that affects the distance that the aerial may be positioned from the building?
condition of the fire building
What term refers to positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fire ground?
spotting
What may reduce the overall stability by forcing movement for which the apparatus was not designed?
dynamic load
what does decreasing the angle of the turntable do?
increase capability and stability of the aerial
Who sets the predetermined maximum wind speed recommendations for safe operations?
vehicle manufacturer
How big of a gap could electricty arc across?
10 feet
When jackknifing a tillered apparatus, what is the approximate degree of the greatest stability?
60 degrees
When an apparatus must operate off an incline, the driver/operator can reduce the stresses by doing what?
spotting the turntable downhill from the point of operation
The maximum loading for any unsupported aerial device occurs at what angle?
70-80 degrees
When operating near railroads, how far away from the tracks do railroad companies recommend keeping vehicles?
25 feet
If the aerial device is being used for direct fire attack at a petroleum storage facility, what position would be most efficient to discharge foam streams?
upwind
The proper positioning of an aerial apparatus at a technical resuce operation will depend of what?
if the aerial is being used to aid in the mitgation of the incident
Bulging walls, sagging roofs, falling brings and blocks, and interior collapse are indicators of what?
potential building collapse
Aerial apparatu placement at the scene of a fire or medical incident is limited by what?
Order in which they arrive
What factors work against the aerial device’s strength?
stresses
How can the stability of an aerial apparatus be improved?
operating inline with the apparatus body
If you must exit an apparatus that is in contact with an electric line, how should you do so?
jump clear of the apparatus
Many fire departments have established what kind of guidelines that help with orderly placement of aerial apparatus on an incident scene?
SOPs
What is the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus?
The distance that affords the maximum stability
What position places the most stress on the aerial ladder?
Long extensions at low angles
Positioning apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground is known as:
Spotting
In warm weather, what consideration should an apparatus operator take when positioning on solid, dry ground?
Ground can become unstable from fireground runoff
How should the aerial device be deployed on snowy or icy surfaces?
Keep the aerial in line with the chassis
What is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface in extreme heat?
Bleeding or glass-like asphalt
When possible, how should aerial apparatus position on grades/hills?
Uphill
Moderate-to-high winds impose what kind of a load on the aerial device?
Dynamic load
What is the preferred way to position the aerial in high-wind conditions, if necessary?
Parallel to the wind
The long standing fire service standard has been to provide what distance between the aerial device and high-voltage lines between 600 to 50,000 volts?
10 feet
The long standing fire service standard has been to provide what distance between the aerial device and high-voltage transmission lines over 50,000 volts?
50 feet
If your apparatus becomes electrically charged, what is the proper way to move away from the apparatus?
Place your feet together and hop or shuffle until you are out of the danger area
In what position is the apparatus most stable when using the aerial?
When the aerial is used on the longitudinal axis
The condition when the position of a tractor and trailer form a 90 degree angle is known as?
Jackknifing
Most modern aerial devices are designed to be operated in what position?
Unsupported position
When does the maximum loading for any unsupported aerial device occur?
At angles between 70 and 80 degrees from horizontal
When can apparatus drive against the normal flow of traffic on high-speed roadways?
Once the road has been cleared by law-enforcement officials
How should aerial apparatus be positioned on roadway incidents?
Parked at an angle
When working around railroad tracks, aerial devices should be kept how high above the level of the rails?
25 feet
What is the NFPA standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications?
1002
If the fire building is less than five stories tall, what side of the street should the engine park on?
Side closest to the building
If the fire building is greater than five stories tall, where shall the engine park?
Outside of the truck company
Moderate to high winds impose what kind of load on the aerial device?
Dynamic
In windy conditions, what is the preffered postion for the aerial?
Parallel to the wind
Electricity will arc across a gap as large as what?
10 feet
What is the amount of clearance needed from overhead powerlines energized between 600 to 50,000 volts?
10 feet
What is the required clearance from overhead powerlines energized over 50,000 volts?
50 feet
According to the new standard, what is the required clearance from overhead electric lines energized less than 350 kilovolts?
20 feet
For high tension power lines over 350 kilovolts, OSHA requires a clearance of what?
50 feet
The aerial apparatus is most stable when the aerial is operated where?
Directly over the front or rear
What is the preferred method to maximize the reach for rear mounted aerial devices?
Backing the apparatus
When jackknifing a tiller, the greatest stability occur from approximately what angle?
60 degrees
When jackknifing a tiller, good stability occurs at angles up to what?
90 degrees
When approaching from the uphill side, how should the aerial apparatus park?
Pull past the building, operating the aerial from the rear
When is an aerial device at its weakest operating position?
Low angle of elevation and long extension
The maximum loading for any unsupported aerial device occurs when operated at what angles?
70 - 80 degrees
When operating on a highway, how far back should you consider parking additional apparatus?
150 - 200 feet
Most railroad companies advise that vehicles be kept what distance from the tracks?
25 feet
When possible, what side of the tracks should a driver park on?
Same side as the incident
Which of the following is sign of an impending collapse of a building during a structure fire?
sagging roofs
Which of the following is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
shiny, glass like surfaces where asphalt “bleeds”
Which of the following is a generic rule for driver operators when approaching an incident scene?
uphill/ upwind
Which of the following places the most stress on an aerial device?
operating the ladder rungs nonparallel to the ground
When an apparatus must operate off an incline, the drive/operator can reduce stress by:
spotting the turntable downhill from the point of operation
Firefighters should not operate near high voltage power lines with over 50,000 volts within:
50 feet
When the aerial device is in motion, the stress on the deice tends to be:
greater
Operating the aerial device in line with either the front or rear of the vehicle is also in line with the:
longitudinal axis of the vehicle
At which angle (when jackknifing) is a tillered aerial device the most stable?
60 degrees
At which angle (when jackknifing) is a tillered aerial device the least stable?
beyond 90 degrees
When approaching an incident from the uphill side, aerial apparatus should be driven:
past the fire building and operate off the rear
What is the average weight of a firefighter in full gear?
250 lbs.
Fire apparatus should not park within:
25 feet of a railroad
When positioning the aerial device for an incident involving a petroleum storage facility, the driver operator should ensure that the apparatus is:
located outside the dike walls
What are two possible methods of heat exposure that can place stress on an aerial device?
radiant and convection
What kind of load can high/ moderate winds impose on an aerial device?
dynamic load
Electricity can arc or gap from overhead wires to aerial devices from distances up to:
10 feet
Power lines that contain more than 50,000 volts of electricity are considered to be:
transmission lines
OSHA requires a minimal distance between aerial equipment and power lines carrying less than 350 kilovolts to be:
20 feet
How much distance should there be between the aerial device and a power line if voltage is not known to the aerial driver operator?
50 feet
When two aerials respond to a given location the first-arriving aerial goes where?
Front of the building
If a building is greater than five stories or how many feet the engine takes the outside position and the aerials park next to the building?
60 ft +
Older trucks typically built before when should not be used at low elevations and long extensions because they weren’t designed for those positions?
1991
What refers to positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground?
Spotting
When should stabilizer pads be used?
Whenever the stabilizers are deployed
Moderate to high winds impose what on the aerial device?
Dynamic load
How much clearance should be between the aerial device and overhead high-voltage lines energized from 600-50,000 volts?
10 ft
Clearance for high-voltage transmission lines over 50,000 volts is what?
50 ft
OSHA standard for overhead power line clearances for the construction industry requires how many feet between the device and overhead electric lines of less than 350 kilovolts?
20 ft
For electric lines over 350 kilovolts OSHA standard is for a distance of how many feet?
50 ft
Apparatus stability is greatest when the aerial device can be operated how?
In line with the longitudinal axis of the apparatus
Jackknifing the tractor at what angle from in-line with the trailer provides good stability when the aerial device is extended away from the angle?
60 degrees
When jackknifing a tractor beyond what angle does stability decrease rapidly?
90 degrees
When approaching from the uphill side, the apparatus should be driven past the fire building and the aerial device should be operated how?
Over the rear of the apparatus
When approaching from the downhill side, the apparatus should stop where?
Short of the fire building
Most modern aerial devices are designed to be operated how?
Unsupported position
All individuals operating on scene of highway incidents must wear what?
Approved reflective safety vest
To maintain scene safety, a driver/operator should never do what while on the scene of a roadway incident?
Shut down all warning lights
Even when the railroad company has stopped all traffic, the aerial device should still be at least how far above the level of the rails as an added safety precaution?
25 ft
If the fire building is known to be in poor repair, the aerial device should not be used how?
Supported position
Besides following the sop’s, who’s discretion is to determine positioning of the truck apparatus at an actual fire incident?
Incident commander
When should apparatus placement procedures be developed?
Preincident planning
Based on positioning procedures, one example shows the 2nd truck going to the rear or side of building. Where is the second truck on the other example?
Stage one block away
What do some departments base their SOP’s about apparatus placement?
Height of the building at the scene
To maximize reach, where does the aerial park when the bulding is greater than five stories ?
Inside of the pumpers
Maximum stabilty,best climbing angle and adequate extension are examples to ?
Proper distance between aerial and objective
By getting as close as safety possible, what should the driver/operator avoid?
Long extensions at low angles
What should an apparatus do as a last alternative for positioning?
Park on soft surfaces
Parking structures, utility chases and drainage culverts are all factors on the creation of?
Vaulted surfaces
What is a shiny, glass-like surface on asphalt indication of?
Compromized due to extreme heat
With the rear tires off the ground, the truck has less resistance to sliding, Choose the most appropriate:
Position front of apparatus uphill
What situation is only possible on grades that are perpendicular to the long centerline of the apparatus?
To level the truck
What can reduce the overall stability by forcing movement for which the apparatus is not designed for?
Dynamic load
Which will prevent you from becoming a conductor between two areas of the ground that are charged differently?
Stay away from source keeping both feet on the ground at the same time
What is the distance an electric arc can go?
As large as 10’
Based on the OSHA requirements, what is the required clearence for high tension lines over 350 kv?
50’
If a person is not harmed and is trapped in a vehicle touching power lines, what is the best action?
Have power company de-energize the power lines first
How can a driver improve the stability of aerial apparatus?
Operating in line with the longitudinal axis
Which is the best position for maximum stability for a tiller aerial apparatus?
Jacknife tractor 60 degrees from in line with trailer
What distance do most railroad companies advise the vehicle should be kept away from tracks?
At least 25’
In order for apparatus placement to utilize the inside out method, where the aerial is parked outside of the engine, a building needs to be less than how many stories tall?
5 stories
What is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface?
bleeding, glass-like surface
When positioning an aerial apparatus on a grade, what is a negative effect of positioning with the front of the apparatus up-hill?
Rear compartments will be more difficult to reach
Which force on an aerial is considered loads that involve motion, also known as shock loading?
Dynamic load
What is the fire service standard for distance needed to be kept between the aerial and overhead power lines?
10 feet
How much clearance should be maintained between an aerial and high-voltage transmission lines over 50,000 volts?
50 feet
If it becomes necessary to exit an apparatus that is in contactwith electric lines, what is the best method to get out of the danger area?
Hop or shuffle
What is the least stable position for an aerial in regards to the angle of operation?
Perpendicular to the apparatus
Tillered aerial apparatus have the greatest stability when the angle of jackknifing is approximately what from the in line position?
60 degrees
What type of stress on aerial devices is imposed when at rest?
Static
When approaching from the uphill side, how should an aerial apparatus position and operate the aerial?
Pull past the building and operate the aerial device from the rear
When approaching from the downhill side of a fire building, how should the aerial apparatus position and operate the aerial?
Stop short of the building and operate the aerial over the front of the apparatus
The maximum loading for any unsupported aerial device occurs when operated at angles between what from horizontal?
70 and 80 degrees
How is a supported aerial tip positioned in relation to the target location?
Resting againt it
What position are most modern aerial devices designed to be operated in relation to the target location?
Unsupported position
What stress is imposed on an aerial when the ladder rungs are operated nonparallel to the ground?
Torsion
How far from railroad tracks should apparatus be parked?
25 feet
If it becomes necessary to operate an aerial device across a railroad track, how far above the rails should the device be operated?
25 feet
The collapse zone is how many times the height of the building?
1.5
