17 - IFSTA Chapter 17 Flashcards
apparatus placement procedures should be developed during
Preincident planning
Long extensions at low angles place the ________ amount of stress on an aerial device and, in some cases, reduce its load-carrying capacity.
Maximum
Older trucks (typically built before______) should not be used at low elevations and long extensions, because they weren’t designed for those positions. Strict attention to the load chart must be maintained. Always follow manufacturers’ recommendations fo
1991
______ refers to positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground.
spotting
Preincident plans should identify parking lots with potential for _______
stabiliziation problems
Positioning with the front of the apparatus up-hill: With the ________, the truck has less resistance to sliding downhill
rear tires off the ground
Positioning with the rear of the apparatus up-hill: — It will be easier to reach the ground with ____
a platform operating off the rear of the apparatus.
Moderate to high winds impose a ______ on the aerial device and may reduce the overall stability by forcing movement for which the apparatus was not designed.
Dynamic load
OSHA recently revised their overhead power line clearances for the construction industry. The new standard requires ___ feet between the device and overhead electric lines of less than 350 kilovolts. For high tensions lines of over 350 kilovolts, OSHA req
20, 50
If the apparatus is to be positioned in a dead-end access, ________ into position if possible. This will make an escape faster if it becomes necessary.
Back the apparatus
Turn the front wheels ____ from the firefighters working highway incidents
Away
Most railroad companies advise that vehicles be kept at least _____ feet from the tracks when possible.
25
keep the aerial device at least ____ feet above the level of the rails as an added safety precaution.
25
If the fire building is known to be in poor repair, the aerial device should not be used _____
supported position (touching the building).
If multiple apparatus must work on a bridge, do not park or operate all apparatus on the ______
Same span
Never park an apparatus on ____
Railroad tracks
Consider parking additional apparatus ____ to ____ feet behind the shielding apparatus to act as an additional barrier between firefighters and the flow of traffic.
150, 200
On high-speed roadways, apparatus should not be driven against the normal flow of traffic unless the road _______
is controlled by law enforcement
Position fire apparatus at _____ to act as a shield between the flow of traffic and the firefighters working on the incident
an angle
Which one of these is not a consideration for the placement of aerial apparatus?
Scene lighting
The term used to describe the area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to fall?
Collapse Zone
What places the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device and in some cases reduces its load carrying capacity?
Long Extensions
Which one of these is not a factor to consider when determining the final operating position of these aerial apparatus?
Water Source
What is the term for the position of the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiancy for operating on the fire ground?
Spotting
What is a good indication of underground voids?
Manhole Covers
Which of these is not an example of a stable surface that could degrade with exposure to weather and or incident conditions?
Solid Concrete that is stable
What is the term for loads that involve motion, also known as shock loading?
Dynamic Load
Per OSHA, how many feet of clearance should be provided between the aerial device and overhead electric lines less than 350 Kilovolts?
20 feet
Per OSHA, how many feet of clearance should be provided between the aerial device and high tension lines greater than 350 Kilovolts?
50 feet
What should you do if you are in a vehicle that contacts ot is energized by a power line?
Stay where you are unless it is on fire
The aerial apparatus is the most stable when the aerial device is operated in what position?
Operate the aerial device direct over the front or rear of the apparatus body.
At what angle does the greatest stability occur when jacklifting the tractor from in line with the trailer for use of the aerial device away from the angle?
60 degrees
Which one of these is not an example of stress on an aerial device?
Proper Stabilization
Torsion of an aerial device is what type of force?
Twisting
Which is not a guideline to abide by for apparatus positioning at highway incidents?
Once on scene, place headlights in the high-beam setting without flashing
How far do most railroad companies advise to keep apparatus vehicles away from railroad tracks?
25 feet
Which is not a guidline to abid by for aerial apparatus when opperating from a bridge?
If multiple apparatus must work on a bridge, it is ok to park or operate all apparatus on the same span.
Which one of these is not an indicator of an unstable building?
Water damage
Which one of these is not a general consideration to abide by for aerial apparatus operators when responding to a potential hazardous materials emergency?
Approach the incident from the downwind and downhill side if at all possible.
One reason aerial apparatus placement on a fireground is critical is because
aerial devices and ladders have a fixed maximum length
What building factor determines if the aerial or engine park closer to the side of the building if aerial arrives first
if the building is greater or less than 5 stories
Proper distance between an objective and aerial apparatus should include 3 considerations
maximum stability, best climbing angle and adequate extension
What combination of aerial ladder positioning places the greatest stress on the ladder
long extension and low angle
Surfaces to be aware of when deploying stabilizers that may not support an aerial due to void spaces underground are termed
vaulted surfaces
When positioning the aerial apparatus up-hill, rear compartments will be difficult to reach as well as
apparatus will be less resistant to sliding
Wind, vibration and falling objects all contribute to what regarding aerials
dynamic load
Which of the following OSHA distance guidelines are true regarding high voltage power lines
maintain 20 feet clearance/350kV or less
If you respond to a person inside a vehicle with downed power line on top of it
exiting the vehicle is more hazardous than remaining inside
Stabilizing the aerial device is improved by
operating in line
When should the aerial appratus be driven past the fire building to better operate the aerial
approaching from uphill side
On high speed roadways, apparatus should not be driven against flow of traffic unless
cleared by law enforcement for access
It is recommended to park apparatus at least how far from railroad tracks
25 feet
the collapse zone is how long
1.5 times the building height
When responding to an aircraft emergency landing, stage near the expected touchdown and
complete the response after aircraft touchdown
When positioning for fire reported involving large storage tanks, operator should
position up wind if possible
If the aerial apparatus is in a support role at the scene, where should it be located
in a manner that does not obstruct other appartus that need to be closer
What position are most modern aerial devices designed to be deployed on roof tops
unsupported
A method of stabilizing a Tillered aerial is called
jackknifing
Maximum loading of the aerial ladder is possible at what angle
between 70-80 degrees
Which of the following is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
Shiny, glass-like surfaces where the asphalt “bleeds”
Which of the following is a factor that the driver/operator must consider when determining the final operating position of the aerial apparatus?
Surface conditions
Which of the following is most likely a consideration for fire department SOP’s on apparatus placemenet?
Height of the building
Which of the following involves turning the tractor at an angle from the truck?
Jacknifing
When operating at storage tank fires, the apparatus should never be spotted where?
Inside the dike that surrounds the affected tank(s)
When possible, the driver/operator should park on the same side of the tracks as a railway incident to do what?
Negate the need to raise the aerial device across the tracks
Operating the aerial device in line with the longitudinal axis (apparatus body) can do what?
Improve the stability of the aerial device
When operating on a bridge, which of the following best describes why the driver/operator should be sure the road surface upon which the apparatus is parked is in good repair and avoid weak spots?
Stabilizers could punch through the bridge decking
When should the company officer and driver/operator most consider the possibility that a hazardous material may be involved in an incident?
On all vehicle-related responses
When serving in a supporting role for a technical rescue incident, the proper positioning for an aerial device should be where?
Away from the rescue operation, yet accessible if needed
What should the distance between the aerial apparatu and the objective be consistent with?
The ladder’s planned use
Which of the following should be given the most consideration during aerial apparatus preincident planning for target hazards?
Overhead obstructions
When approaching, positioning, and operating at an incident, how should the driver/operator place the apparatus?
To minimize the angle and extension to which the aerial device will be raised
When should an aerial apparatus not park within a building’s collapse zone?
When the building has been exposed to severe fire conditions
Which of the following increases stress the most on the aerial device?
Operating ladder rungs nonparallel to the ground
On thin-skinned paved parking lots or private driveways, if the stabilizer pads or cribbing are not placed beneath the stabilizer shoes on the aerial apparatus, what will the stabilizers most likely do?
Puncture the parking surface
What are factors that work against an aerial device’s strength known as?
Stresses
If operating an aerial apparatus at night, how should the driver/operator search for power lines or poles?
With powerful lights
When responding to an incident on a roadway, why should the front wheels of the apparatus be turned away from the working firefighters?
The apparatus will not be driven into them if it is struck from behind
In tactical considerations, which of the following does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus afford?
Maximum stability
The area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it looses structural integrity is called?
Collapse zone
What is the designate Hight that determines if the truck parks inside or outside of the engine?
60 foot
What can create the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device and in some cases reduce its load caring capacity?
Long extension and low angle
When positioning an aerial apparatus on the fire ground, what 2 things do you position for?
Utmost efficiency and ladder to reach an object or person
What is the prepose of the stabilizer pad?
To provide better weight distribution
Vaults, parking structures, utility chases, drainage culverts, and basements under sidewalks that are underground are called?
Vaulted surfaces
What is a concern with aerial outrigger placement ?
Unstable working surface due to weakening
A load that involves motion like wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, and falling objects is called?
Dynamic load
Overhead wires or cables should be considered dangerous. Electricity can jump a gap of up to how many feet?
10
High voltage lines should be given how many feet of clearance?
50
OSHA specifies 350 kilovolts as the divider between distance for clearance. What are they?
20’ and 50’
If any apparatus becomes energized to potently energized, what should personnel do?
Jump clear
If a apparatus is energized, what is the safe distance to be away from the apparatus?
150’
With the ladder up on an aerial apparatus, when is it most stable?
Off the front or rear
What is a good angle of stability with the cab of the tiller apparatus?
60 Degrees
Where do you find the Manufactures Recommendation for Maximum Loading?
On the apparatus turn table
What creates a twist in the the aerial device?
Working over the side on a hill
If you have to raise the aerial device over a rail road trax what is the minimum height it should be?
25’
The collapse zone is equal to what times the height of a building?
1.5 times
What are the three big challenges with positioning at a refinery?
Narrow driveways, dead ends, and overhead obstructions
Apparatus may be centered in front of the involved portion of the building for offensive operations or where for defensive operations?
Corner of the building
The aerial device is parked outside of an engine if the building is greater then how many stories and feet?
5 stories / 60 feet
Positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground is called what?
Spotting
The driver/operator must consider certain factors when determining the final operating position of all of the following except what?
Fire conditions
What is the unattached flat metal plate that is larger in area than the stabilizer foot called?
Stabilizer pad
What is the ground above underground vaults such as underground parking structures, utillity chases, drainage culverts is called what?
Vaulted surfaces
The primary spotting consideration associated with hot weather is what?
Extreme heat may tend to weaken marginal or otherwise firm paved surfaces
Loads that involve motion is called what?
Dynamic load
Electricity will arc across a gap as large as what?
10 feet
Do not work within how many feet of high-voltage transmission lines?
50 feet
The OSHA standard for distance between the device and overhead electrical lines of less than 350 kilovolts is what?
20 feet
The apparatus is most stable when the aerial device is operated how?
Directly over the front or rear of the vehicle
Aerial stress can occur from all of the following except what?
Weight of equipment while engaged in fire fighting operations
Jacknifing the tractor at what degree angle from in-line with the trailer provides good stability when the aerial device is extended away from the angle
60 degrees
Some of the most dangerous scenarios faced by firefighters are operations on highways, interstates, turnpikes, and other busy roadways. All of the following are incidents that may be encounter except what?
Medical emergencies
On high-speed roadways, apparatus should not be driven against the normal flow of traffic unless the road has been cleared by who?
Law enforcement officials
On highway incidents you should consider parking additional apparatus how far behind the shielding apparatus to act as an additional barrier between firefighters and the flow of traffic
150-200 feet
Where should apparatus never be parked?
On railroad tracks
Most railraod companies advise that vehicles be kept at least how many feet from the tracks when possible?
25 feet
The following are basic types of aircraft incidents to which aerial apparatus may respond except what?
EMS calls
How far away should the aerial apparatus be if the power line voltage is unknown?
50 ft
How far away should the aerial apparatus be if the power line voltage is 350 kilovolts or less?
20 ft
At what angle does jacknifing the tillered truck provide the greatest stability?
60 degrees
When operating near railroads, what is the minimum distance to be kept from the track whenever possible?
25 ft
Which of the following is not one of the many indicators that a building may become unstable?
Falling glass from windows
What is the factor that works against the aerial device’s strength?
Stress
Where should the apparatus never be spotted when operating at a storage tank fire?
Inside the dike
What is the proper positioning for an aerial device when serving in a supporting role for a technical rescue?
Away from the operation, yet accessible
Which is not one of the challenges when positioning the aerial apparatus to attack fires or protect exposures in processing facilities or refineries?
Traffic
How should aerial apparatus generally approach incidents?
Upwind, uphill
Where should the aerial apparatus position if it’s not possible to locate off the street during an emergency medical incident?
Positioned to shield the patient loading area of the ambulance
What is one visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
Bleeds, creating a shiny glass-like surface
Where should the aerial apparatus generally be positioned if it is going to be used in a supporting role?
In a manner that does not block other apparatus that need to be closer to the work area
What is the reason for the driver/operator to position the apparatus on the same side of the tracks as the incident?
Negates the need to raise the aerial device across the tracks
How should the aerial apparatus be positioned when operating at an incident?
Minimizes the angle and extension to which the aerial device will be raised
What does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial device afford?
Maximum stability
What’s the tactical impact when positioning with the front of the apparatus directed uphill?
The rear compartments will be more difficult to reach
What’s the tactical impact when positioning with the rear of the apparatus directed uphill?
Easier to reach the ground with a platform operating off the rear
What benefit is provided when operating the aerial device in line with the longitudinal axis?
Imporved stability
Which terrain condition might become unstable as the incident progresses?
Frozen soil
Which of the following should be given the MOST consideration during aerial apparatus preincident planning for target hazards?
overhead obstructions
Which of the following is MOST likely a consideration for fire department SOP’s on apparatus placement?
height of the building
After the fire department has developed SOPs about aerial apparatus placement, when should the driver/operator follow them?
on every responses
In tactical considerations, which of the following does the proper distance between the objective and the aerial apparatus afford?
maximum stability
The distance between the aerial apparatus and the objective should be consistent with the?
ladders planned use
An aerial apparatus should not park within a buildings collapse zone when the building?
has been exposed to severe fire conditions
Which of the following is a factor the driver/operator must consider when determining the final operating position of the aerial apparatus?
surface conditions
Which of the following is the BEST example of a surface that may be stable when the incident begins, but may become unstable as the incident progresses?
frozen soil
Driver/operators must be aware of parking on vaulted surfaces that may be created by?
drainage culverts
Which of the following is a visual indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat?
shiny, glass like surfaces where the asphalt “bleeds”
Which of the following is an example of a weather phenomenon caused by buildings that should be avoided by drive/operators when possible?
wind tunnels
The long standing fire service standard has been to provide clearance between the aerial device and overhead voltage lines energized from 600-50,000 volts, how much distance should be provided?
10 feet
