19 - IFSTA Chapter 19 Flashcards
What NFPA standard describes the requirements for ladder belts and tethers?
1983
When do personnel not necessarily need to be anchored to a structual part of the ladder or platform?
Any time they are operating off the ladder
What type of hazard is created when wire rope comes close to or contact otjer mechanical parts?
Pinch
Which is not a command fiven to the aerial operator?
Lift
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the primary control position?
Be belted in position to protect against abrupt of unexpected ladder movement
Any time there is a firefighter operating at the secondary control position, there must be:
A trained aerial operator at the primary controls
The four series of motions of rasing the aerial device are:
Elevating, rotating, extending, lowering
What order should the aerial device be moved?
Elevated, rotated, extended, lowered
All movements of the aerial must be slow, smooth and controlled, also known as:
Feathering
What is the prefered method to operate the nozzle on a master stream from an aerial device?
Remote control box/wireless
How many firefighters should be on the top fly of the aerial ladder when changing the stream pattern?
1
What may result if sudden pressure changes should occur?
Shock loading and ladder sway
How many degrees should the areal device be elevated, extended to what percentage of it’s length and what should the nozzle pressure on a smooth bore should be no more than what?
75, 80, 80
What is the limit of ice accumulation allowed by NFPA 1901?
1/4”
Which NFPA establishes static load requirments that an aerial apparatus must meet when operating on a grade?
1901
Which NFPA provides guidance for inspections of the apparatus chassis and aerial device?
1911
When approaching a structure with the aerial, always finish by
Lowering
How many feet should the aerial device be kept away from power lines of unknown voltage?
50’
What should always be done prior to extending or retacting the ladder?
Drain the waterway
From which direction should you approach rescue victims?
Upwind
each operator on the aerial device should be equipped with a fall restraint ladder belt and tether
a fall restraint ladder belt and tether
Personnel must be safely anchored to a structural feature of the ladder or platform:
Any time they are not actively climbing or descending the ladder.
Any time they are not actively entering or exiting the platform.
Any time the device is in motion.
Use only structural features of the ladder or platform for
Anchor points
Climb or descend an aerial carefully maintaining
three points of contact with a structural feature at all times
When the aerial device is in motion
use fall protection on ladders and in the platform.
Never extend or retract the aerial device
with people on the ladder.
While operating the aerial, if visual contact cannot be maintained then the operator
must rely on a spotter.
Never place personnel at the tip or platform of the aerial device
if the operation can be accomplished without them being there.
Ladder capacity ratings are established for many different operating positions other than
full extension and zero degrees elevation.
Failure to properly stabilize the apparatus could result in
tipping the apparatus.
What is a knuckle on an articulating aerial apparatus?
Joint between two boom sections.
What must be done with the valves and nozzles on an aerial device to minimize shock loading?
open and close them in a SLOW and controlled manner
True pinnable waterways
are permanently attached nozzle systems that can be operated from either the tip of the aerial or one section lower.
What is the 75-80-80 guideline for detachable ladder pipe use?
75 degree elevation, 80 percent extended length, and 80 psi nozzle pressure for a 112-inch tip.
The limit of ice build-up allowed by NFPA® 1901 is
1/4 inch on all surfaces.
If the aerial device is going to be used for elevated master stream operations, avoid parking it so that
the stream will be operated against the wind.
What is ice shrugging?
slowly extending and retracting the aerial device to remove accumulated ice
If the aerial device comes into contact with high heat and cannot be moved immediately
water streams should be applied to the device to help keep it cool.
While most manufacturers do not recommend using the aerial device to physically lift a load, the aerial device is sometimes used
to create a high point anchor for a rope rescue system that moves a load.
Some aerial devices may also be used to
deploy master streams to below-grade locations.
What equipment is essential for personel who will be climbing the ladder or riding in the platform?
Fall protection
What fall protection features are on an aerial ladder or platform?
Handrails, railings, and gates
What NFPA standard includes ladder belts and tethers?
1983
How many points of contact should you have climbing or decending a ladder?
3
Which of these is not a command for aerial device movement?
Beam in/Beam out
Where is the primary control position for the aerial operator?
Lower control usually at the turntable
Where is the secondary control position for the aerial operator?
Upper control usually in the platform basket
Who is responsible for the safe operation of the aerial device?
Aerial operator
What is the term for the graphical or tubular description of the load that can be distributed on an aerial device?
Load chart
What causes ladders to have higher tip capacities?
As elevation angles increase or when the ladder is not fully extended
What is the proper order for aerial device operation?
Elevation, rotation, extension, and lowering
How should aerial devices be operated?
Slow, smooth, and controlled
Why should full speed aerial operations be minimized?
It puts a large amount of dynamic stress on the aerial device when the motion is haulted
What is unique about a water tower?
It is equiped with only a master stream nozzle at the end of the upper boom and not intended to lift firefighters or equipment
What is the term for the joint between two sections of the boom in an articulating aerial device?
Knuckle
What does NFPA require on elevated platforms?
Heat sheild and protective water curtain nozzle
What is the 75-80-80 guideline for quick ladder pipe use?
75 degree elevation, 80 percent extended length, and 80 psi nozzle pressure
What NFPA standard establishes static load requirements that an aerial apparatus must meet when operating on a grade?
1901
How much ice does NFPA allow to build up on aerial device surfaces before it becomes unsafe?
1/4”
What is the term for slowly extending and retracting the aerial device to remove accumulated ice?
Ice shrugging
Any time personnel are not actively climbing, decending, entering, exiting or device is in motion, what must occur
Personnel must be safely anchored
The NFPA 1983 standard on life safety rope also pertains to what safety device on an aerial
ladder belt and tether
Three pionts of contact must be maintained during what aerial operation
climbing or decending
When is it acceptable to rotate, elevate or lower the aerial when people are on the ladder
if they are securely attached to a structural feature
Extending and retracting the aerial when people are on the ladder is acceptable when
this is not acceptable
Ladder capacity ratings on the load chart establish ratings for
many different operating positions
What part of the articulating aerial device can decrease visibility for the operator
knuckle
A pinnable water way is located where on the aerial in rescue mode
one fly section back from tip
If the aerial water way has a remote control available, what is true about it’s use
it is preferred to use the remote to control the nozzle due to safety and reduced manpower
Wire rope on aerial ladders will develop barbs, when these are present it is important to
wear gloves
The stresses on an aerial ladder that involve motion, such as wind or falling objects is known as
shock or dynamic loading
The 75-80-80 guideline for a quick ladder pipe refers to
75 deg elevation, 80% extension, 80 psi for 1-1/2 tip
Water curtains on aerials are designed to do what
protect firefighters from sudden radiant heat or flames
NFPA 1901 states the limit of ice build up on all surfaces of an aerial can be no more than
1/4 inch
If whole trees are moving, it is safe to estimate wind speed of
32-38 mph
If the heat sensors on the aluminum aerial change color what must occur next
aerial device removed from service
When using the auxiliary hydraulic pump it is necessary to operate
operate in intervals to reduce overheating
What type of aerial device is best suited for below grade rescue
three boom articulating boom
Which of the following is correct when stabilizing an aerial apparatus
Never set up on slopes exceeding the manufacturer’s recommendations
Besides slowing down during inclement weather, what other precaution should be taken
turn off auxiliary brake
Which of the following pieces of equipment can be used in below-grade operations, while not exceeding weight restrictions?
A winch mounted to the platform
Which of the following is recommended when operating an aerial device?
Primary operator must be prepared to override operations
Some mounted video cameras have what capability?
Thermal imaging
High wind gusts can impose sufficient force which may cause what?
The deformation or twisting of the aerial device
What is the limit of ice build-up allowed by NFPA 1901?
1/4 inch (6mm)
Driver/operator should never perform which of the following moves?
Extend or retract the device with people on the ladder
NFPA requires an aerial elevating platform to have which of the following?
Heat shield and water curtain nozzle
How many firefighters should be on the top fly section of the aerial ladder when changing the stream pattern?
Only one firefighter at a time
Due to its weight, ice adversely affects stability, lessens the working load capacity, and significantly does what else?
Decreases rescue capability
What effect takes place when the driver/operator operates the aerial device on a grade?
It greatly complicates the stress placed upon the device
What NFPA standard specifies static load requirements for a aerial apparatus when operating on a grade?
NFPA 1901
Before placing an aerial device back in service after heat, mechanical, or power failure, it should be tested in accordance with what NFPA standard?
NFPA 1911
Which of the following contains information about the ladder capacity ratings?
Load chart
What is the strongest position for the aerial device during icy conditions?
In line with the apparatus chassis
When should personnel anchor their tether to a structural anchor?
As soon as possible upon entering the basket
A foot pedal or valve on the floor in the platform of an aerial device typically operates what?
Water-curtain nozzle
As new apparatus are being designed, how are detachable ladder pipes and appliances being used?
Less frequently
Which of the following is recommended if winds exceed manufacturer’s limits?
Cease operations
Which operator performs the final positioning of the aerial ladder during rescue or other fire fighting operations?
Secondary control operator
Any thawing agent which is used in response to cold weather must be what type of agent?
Noncorrosive
What of the following is the safest anchor point?
Ladder rung
Who is responsible for the safety of people on an aerial device when it is in motion?
Aerial operator
Who helps the aerial operator position when blind spots are an issue?
Spotter
What must the primary control operator be ready to do if unsafe conditions are encountered?
Override secondary controls
What is the name of the chart that describes the load distributions based on extension, stabilizer setup, wind, ice and water flow?
Load chart
What is the order of using a telescoping aerial apparatus?
Elevate, rotate, and extend
On some apparatus, simultaneous motion when 1 function is suddenly released while another is still in use can cause what?
Hydraulic pressure spike and erratic behavior
The joint between two sections of boom in an articulating aerial device is called?
Knuckle
Why should full-speed operations regardless of skill level be minimized?
Dynamic stress on the ladder
Why must all valves and nozzles be opened and closed slowly?
To minimized shock load
A shock load on an aerial device is also known as what?
Dynamic load
Detachable waterways should use what guide lines for ladder pipe usage?
75-80-80
What do the 3 numbers correspond to in the detachable waterway guidelines?
Elevation, % of extension length, psi
What’s the purpose of the water curtain nozzle?
Protection from extrema heat
What is the limit of ice build up allowed by NFPA 1901?
1/4”
What is the weight of 1 cubic inch of ice?
.03 lbs.
What is it called when you slowly extend and retract an aerial device to remove ice?
Ice shrugging
What of the following is NOT a sign of heat damage to an aerial device?
Paint chips
What is the most common scenario that requires below grade rescue?
Special rescue operations
What of the following is Not an adverse condition?
High heat
Before a driver operator is considered qualified he or she should be capable of operating the divice in all of the following situations except for what?
Emergency maneuvers
All operators on an aerial device should be equipped with what?
Fall restraint ladder belt and tether
Most ladder belts and tethers are not designed for what?
Self-rescue
Anywhere wire rope (cable) comes close to or cantact other mechanical parts such as pulleys, sheaves, roller guides, or any structural features son the device than what exists?
Pinch hazard
Wire rope (cable) through use will develop what which can slice skin?
Barbs
All of the following are commands to use when relaying movement instructions except for what?
Elongate
The primary control position for the aerial operator is where?
Lower controls
At a minimum what type of communication with personnel at the tip should be had?
Two-way
