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01 Cell > 2.14 Translation > Flashcards

2.14 Translation Flashcards

1
Q

The genetic code is an organized collection of ___ and their corresponding ___

A

Codons

Amino acids

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2
Q

3-letter code (nucleic acid sequence) that specifies a particular amino acid

A

Codon

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3
Q

Start codon

A

AUG

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4
Q

AUG codes for ___

A

Methionine (Met, M)

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5
Q

Stop codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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6
Q

No coded AA

A

Stop codons

UAA, UAG, UGA

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7
Q

Complementary to the codon

A

Anticodons

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8
Q

Anticodons are found within ___

A

tRNA

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9
Q

The process of converting a coded message within an mRNA into a protein

A

Protein Synthesis

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10
Q

Protein synthesis includes ___ and ___

A

Translation

Post-translational protein modifications

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11
Q

Protein synthesis requires

A

mRNA
Aminoacyl tRNA
Ribosomes
Translation factors

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12
Q

The adapter molecule

A

tRNA

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13
Q

True or false

Each tRNA holds at least five AA.

A

False

It holds a single AA

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14
Q

Part of tRNA

A

Acceptor arm
D arm
Thymidine-Pseudouridine-Cystidine Arm
Anticodon Arm

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15
Q

Where AA is attached

A

Acceptor arm

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16
Q

AA is attached at the __ of tRNA

A

3’

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17
Q

Recognition site for specific aminoacyl-tRNA sythetase

A

D arm

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18
Q

D arm is rich in ___

A

Dihydrouridine

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19
Q

Binds aminoacyltRNA to ribosomal subunit

A

Thymidine-pseudouridine-cystidine arm

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20
Q

Seven-letter code containing the anticodon

A

Anticodon arm

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21
Q

Anticodon arm reads from __ to __

A

3’; 5’

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22
Q

Binds specific amino acids with their corresponding tRNAs, with the help of ATP

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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23
Q

Amino acids are attached via their ___ at the 3’ end of the tRNA with an ester bond, forming an aminoacyl tRNA

A

carbonyl end

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24
Q

Third process of the central dogma that involves the conversion of RNA into a protein product

A

Translation

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25
Q

5 characteristics of Translation

A 
Degenerate
Unambiguous
Non-overlapping
Unpunctuated
Universal
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26
Q

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

A

Degenerate

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27
Q

A particular codon can code only for a single amino acid

A

Unambiguous

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28
Q

During translation, there is no overlap in reading codons

A

Non-overlapping

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29
Q

No punctuation exists between or within codons

A

Unpunctuated

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30
Q

The genetic code is the same for all animal species

A

Universal

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31
Q

Phases of translation

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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32
Q

Processes under initation

A

Dissociation
43s preinitiation complex
48s initiation complex
80s initiation complex

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33
Q

Ribosomes dissociate into __ and __ subunits, which are usually coupled/associated need to open up to accommodate mRNA for translation

A

40s and 60s

34
Q

Key initiation factors in dissociation

A

eIF-3 and eIF-1A

35
Q

Prevents re-association of subunits

A

Initiation factors

36
Q

Key initiation factor in the formation of 43s preinitiation complex

A

eIF-2

37
Q

Components of 43s Preinitiation complex

A

eIF-2
GTP
Met-tRNA
40s subunit

38
Q

Binding of mRNA to 43s pre-initiation complex

A

Formation of 48s initiation complex

39
Q

Formation of 48s initiation complex is done via ___, which binds the two (mRNA, 43s)

A

methyl-guanosyl triphosphate cap

40
Q

Counterpart of 5’methyl cap in prokaryotes

A

Shine-Dalgarno sequences

41
Q

Key initiation factors

A

eIF-4F complex (eIF-4G, eIF-4E, eIF-4A, eIF-4B)

42
Q

Responsible from binding and removal of 5’ methyl cap

A

eIF-4F compelx

43
Q

Scaffolding protein that holds the other initiation factos

A

eIF-4G

44
Q

Responsible for recognizing and binding to methyl cap

A

eIF-4E

45
Q

The rate-limiting step/slowest step in all of translation

A

Recognition and binding of eIF-4E

46
Q

Inhibits initiation when bound to eIF-4E

A

BP-1

47
Q

eIF-4A and eIF-4B remove 5’ methyl cap from the rest of the mRNA through __ via __ activity

A

Cleavage of H-bonds

Helicase

48
Q

Also required for efficient protein synthesis

Stimulates the recruitment of the 40s subunit to the mRNA

A

Poly-A tail

49
Q

48s initiation complex begins to scan for ___

A

Kozak consensus sequences

50
Q

Cover purines from -3 to +4 around the AUG sequence

A

Kozak consensus sequences

51
Q

48s initiation complex binds to 60 subunit

40s and 60s subunits undergo reassociation, along with mRNA and the Met-tRNA

A

Formation of 80s Initiation complex

52
Q

Key initiation factor in the formation of 80s Initiation complex

A

eIF-5

53
Q

Hydrolyzes the GTP that was bound to eIF-2

A

eIF-5

54
Q

40s + 60s subunits + mRNA (w/o 5’ methyl cap) + Met-tRNA

A

80s Initiation complex

55
Q

Bind to dissociate 40s to prevent reassocation with 60s

A

eIF-3

eIF-1A

56
Q

Allows other IF’s to associate to 40s subunit throughout initiation

A

eIF-3

eIF-1A

57
Q

Binds GTP and the Met-tRNA

A

eIF-2

58
Q

Facilitates binding of the GTP-Met-tRNA complex to the 40s subunit

A

eIF-2

59
Q

Cap-binding protein complex

A

eIF-4F

60
Q

Scans for Kozak consensus sequence and AUG

A

eIF-4F

61
Q

Binds to 5’ cap

A

eIF-4E

62
Q

Part of eIF-4F complex

A

eIF-4E
eIF-4G
eIF-4A
eIF-4B

63
Q

Scaffold protein

A

eIF-4G

64
Q

Binds to eIF-4E and poly-A tail

A

eIF-4G

65
Q

Has helicase activity that removes the 5’ methyl cap

A

eIF-4A

eIF-4B

66
Q

Hydrolyzes GTP bound to eIF-2 in order to remove all IF’s bound to the 48s initiation complex

A

eIF-5

67
Q

Processes under elongation phase

A

A-site attachment
Peptide bond formation
Translocation

68
Q

eEF-1alpha complexes/binds with GTP

A

A-site attachment

69
Q

Only a ___ will trigger a confomational change that causes the hydrolysis of GTP which is bound to eEF-1alpha

A

Complementary anticodon

70
Q

Once second aminoacyl tRNA is bound to A site, the amino group of A site aminoacyl tRNA willmake a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of __

A

P site aminoacyl tRNA

71
Q

Peptide bond formation is facilitated by ____, a ribozyme component of the 60s subunit

A

peptidyltransferases

72
Q

A-site contains a ___ attached to the tRNA while the P-side contains a ___ tRNA

A

Dipeptide

Deacylated

73
Q

In translocation, ____ facilitates the transfer of A-site tRNA to the P-site

A

eEF-2 + GTP

74
Q

Total energy requirement per AA attached to the growing chain

A

4 high energy phosphates (2 ATPs, 2 GTPs)

75
Q

Binds with GTP

A

eEF-1alpha

76
Q

Brings the second amunoacyl tRNA to the A-site in the complex

A

eEF-1alpha

77
Q

Facilitates transfer of A-site tRNA to P-site

A

eEF-2

78
Q

Stops codons enter the A-site
Releasing factors eRF + GTP + peptidyltransferase remove the growing peptide from the P-site tRNA
mRNA detaches from the ribosome
Ribosome complex dissociates into 40s and 60s subunits

A

Termination phase

79
Q

Responds to UAA, UAG stop codons

A

eRF-1

80
Q

Responds to UAA, UGA stop codones

A

eRF-2

81
Q

Binds GTP

A

eRF-3

01 Cell (22 decks)

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