Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

01 Cell > 2.14 Translation > Flashcards

2.14 Translation Flashcards

1
Q

The genetic code is an organized collection of ___ and their corresponding ___

A

Codons

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3-letter code (nucleic acid sequence) that specifies a particular amino acid

A

Codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Start codon

A

AUG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

AUG codes for ___

A

Methionine (Met, M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stop codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

No coded AA

A

Stop codons

UAA, UAG, UGA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complementary to the codon

A

Anticodons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anticodons are found within ___

A

tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The process of converting a coded message within an mRNA into a protein

A

Protein Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protein synthesis includes ___ and ___

A

Translation

Post-translational protein modifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protein synthesis requires

A

mRNA
Aminoacyl tRNA
Ribosomes
Translation factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The adapter molecule

A

tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or false

Each tRNA holds at least five AA.

A

False

It holds a single AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Part of tRNA

A

Acceptor arm
D arm
Thymidine-Pseudouridine-Cystidine Arm
Anticodon Arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where AA is attached

A

Acceptor arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AA is attached at the __ of tRNA

A

3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Recognition site for specific aminoacyl-tRNA sythetase

A

D arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

D arm is rich in ___

A

Dihydrouridine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Binds aminoacyltRNA to ribosomal subunit

A

Thymidine-pseudouridine-cystidine arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Seven-letter code containing the anticodon

A

Anticodon arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anticodon arm reads from __ to __

A

3’; 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Binds specific amino acids with their corresponding tRNAs, with the help of ATP

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Amino acids are attached via their ___ at the 3’ end of the tRNA with an ester bond, forming an aminoacyl tRNA

A

carbonyl end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Third process of the central dogma that involves the conversion of RNA into a protein product

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
5 characteristics of Translation
``` Degenerate Unambiguous Non-overlapping Unpunctuated Universal ```
26
Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
Degenerate
27
A particular codon can code only for a single amino acid
Unambiguous
28
During translation, there is no overlap in reading codons
Non-overlapping
29
No punctuation exists between or within codons
Unpunctuated
30
The genetic code is the same for all animal species
Universal
31
Phases of translation
Initiation Elongation Termination
32
Processes under initation
Dissociation 43s preinitiation complex 48s initiation complex 80s initiation complex
33
Ribosomes dissociate into __ and __ subunits, which are usually coupled/associated need to open up to accommodate mRNA for translation
40s and 60s
34
Key initiation factors in dissociation
eIF-3 and eIF-1A
35
Prevents re-association of subunits
Initiation factors
36
Key initiation factor in the formation of 43s preinitiation complex
eIF-2
37
Components of 43s Preinitiation complex
eIF-2 GTP Met-tRNA 40s subunit
38
Binding of mRNA to 43s pre-initiation complex
Formation of 48s initiation complex
39
Formation of 48s initiation complex is done via ___, which binds the two (mRNA, 43s)
methyl-guanosyl triphosphate cap
40
Counterpart of 5'methyl cap in prokaryotes
Shine-Dalgarno sequences
41
Key initiation factors
eIF-4F complex (eIF-4G, eIF-4E, eIF-4A, eIF-4B)
42
Responsible from binding and removal of 5' methyl cap
eIF-4F compelx
43
Scaffolding protein that holds the other initiation factos
eIF-4G
44
Responsible for recognizing and binding to methyl cap
eIF-4E
45
The rate-limiting step/slowest step in all of translation
Recognition and binding of eIF-4E
46
Inhibits initiation when bound to eIF-4E
BP-1
47
eIF-4A and eIF-4B remove 5' methyl cap from the rest of the mRNA through __ via __ activity
Cleavage of H-bonds | Helicase
48
Also required for efficient protein synthesis | Stimulates the recruitment of the 40s subunit to the mRNA
Poly-A tail
49
48s initiation complex begins to scan for ___
Kozak consensus sequences
50
Cover purines from -3 to +4 around the AUG sequence
Kozak consensus sequences
51
48s initiation complex binds to 60 subunit | 40s and 60s subunits undergo reassociation, along with mRNA and the Met-tRNA
Formation of 80s Initiation complex
52
Key initiation factor in the formation of 80s Initiation complex
eIF-5
53
Hydrolyzes the GTP that was bound to eIF-2
eIF-5
54
40s + 60s subunits + mRNA (w/o 5' methyl cap) + Met-tRNA
80s Initiation complex
55
Bind to dissociate 40s to prevent reassocation with 60s
eIF-3 | eIF-1A
56
Allows other IF's to associate to 40s subunit throughout initiation
eIF-3 | eIF-1A
57
Binds GTP and the Met-tRNA
eIF-2
58
Facilitates binding of the GTP-Met-tRNA complex to the 40s subunit
eIF-2
59
Cap-binding protein complex
eIF-4F
60
Scans for Kozak consensus sequence and AUG
eIF-4F
61
Binds to 5' cap
eIF-4E
62
Part of eIF-4F complex
eIF-4E eIF-4G eIF-4A eIF-4B
63
Scaffold protein
eIF-4G
64
Binds to eIF-4E and poly-A tail
eIF-4G
65
Has helicase activity that removes the 5' methyl cap
eIF-4A | eIF-4B
66
Hydrolyzes GTP bound to eIF-2 in order to remove all IF's bound to the 48s initiation complex
eIF-5
67
Processes under elongation phase
A-site attachment Peptide bond formation Translocation
68
eEF-1alpha complexes/binds with GTP
A-site attachment
69
Only a ___ will trigger a confomational change that causes the hydrolysis of GTP which is bound to eEF-1alpha
Complementary anticodon
70
Once second aminoacyl tRNA is bound to A site, the amino group of A site aminoacyl tRNA willmake a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of __
P site aminoacyl tRNA
71
Peptide bond formation is facilitated by ____, a ribozyme component of the 60s subunit
peptidyltransferases
72
A-site contains a ___ attached to the tRNA while the P-side contains a ___ tRNA
Dipeptide | Deacylated
73
In translocation, ____ facilitates the transfer of A-site tRNA to the P-site
eEF-2 + GTP
74
Total energy requirement per AA attached to the growing chain
4 high energy phosphates (2 ATPs, 2 GTPs)
75
Binds with GTP
eEF-1alpha
76
Brings the second amunoacyl tRNA to the A-site in the complex
eEF-1alpha
77
Facilitates transfer of A-site tRNA to P-site
eEF-2
78
Stops codons enter the A-site Releasing factors eRF + GTP + peptidyltransferase remove the growing peptide from the P-site tRNA mRNA detaches from the ribosome Ribosome complex dissociates into 40s and 60s subunits
Termination phase
79
Responds to UAA, UAG stop codons
eRF-1
80
Responds to UAA, UGA stop codones
eRF-2
81
Binds GTP
eRF-3

01 Cell (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions