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01 Cell > 2.06 Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

2.06 Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Polydeoxyribonucleotide

A

DNA

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2
Q

DNA is deoxygenated at ___

A

C-2

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3
Q

Sugar + nitrogen base

A

Nucleoside

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4
Q

Phosphodiester bond is formed between ____

A

carbon and oxygen

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5
Q

In nucleoside, nitrogen bases bound to _____ of the sugar

A

C-1

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6
Q

Bonds containing the -COOC group

A

Ester bond

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7
Q

Bonds between complementary nitrogen bases

A

Hydrogen bonding

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8
Q

Cytosine-Guanine has __ H-bonds

A

3

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9
Q

Adenine-Thymine has __ H-bonds

A

2

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10
Q

Chargaff’s rule

Determine the percentage of cytosine molecules in a double-stranded DNA given that 32% are adenosine molecules.

A 
18%
A=T=32%
100% - (A+T) = 100 - (32% + 32%) = 36% = C+G
C+G = 36%
Since C=G; then C = 36%/2 = 18%
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11
Q

Polymer of deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates covalently linked by 3’->5’-phosphodiester bonds

A

DNA

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12
Q

By convention, the bases located along the resulting deoxyribose-phosphate backbone are written in sequence from __ end of the chain to the __ end.

A

5’; 3’

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13
Q

The end with the free phosphate

A

5’-end

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14
Q

The end with the free hydroxyl

A

3’-end

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15
Q

The chains are paired in an _____ manner, 5’-end of one strand is paired with the 3’-end of the other strand

A

antiparallel

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16
Q

The spatial relationship between the two strands in the helix creates _____ that provide access for the binding of regulatory proteins to their specific recognition sequences along the DNA chain

A

Major and minor grooves

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17
Q

Disruption of the H-bonds can occur in the laboratory by these treatments

A

Chemicals
Heat
Decrease in salt concentration
(change in pH of the DNA solution - Lipincotts)

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18
Q

When DNA is heated, the temperature at which one half of the helical structure is lost is defined as the _____

A

Melting temperature

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19
Q

Loss of helical structure in DNA

A

Denaturation

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20
Q

Complementary DNA strands can reform the double helix by the process called ______

A

Renaturation

21
Q

True/False

In denaturation, phosphodiester bonds are broken by the treatment.

A

False

H-bonds are broken during denaturation.

22
Q

True/False

DNA that contains high concentrations of A and T denatures at a lower temperature than G- and C-rich DNA.

A

True

Because there are three H-bonds between G and C and only two between A and T

23
Q

3 major structural forms of DNA

A

B, A, Z form

24
Q

Right-handed helix with 10 residues per 360deg turn of the helix, and with the planes of the bases are perpendicular to the helical acis

A

B form

25
Q

Produced by moderately dehydrating the B form
A right-handed helix with 11 base pairs per turn and the planes of the base pairs are tilted 20deg away from the perpendicular to the helical axis

A

A form

26
Q

Left-handed helix that contains 12 base pairs per turn

Deoxyribose-phosphate backbone zigzags

A

Z form

27
Q

Structural form of the double helix described by Watson and Crick in 1953

A

B form

28
Q

3 major types of RNA that participate in the process of protein synthesis

A

rRNA, tRNA, mRNA

29
Q

Found in association with several proteins as components of the ribosomes

A

rRNA

30
Q

Smallest of the three major types of RNA molecules

A

tRNA

31
Q

The most heterogeneous type of NRA in size and base seqence

A

mRNA

32
Q

Polyhydroxyribonucleotide

A

RNA

33
Q

Associated with ribosomes

A

rRNA

34
Q

70s is present only in _____ while 80s is present only in _____

A

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

35
Q

Adapter molecule

A

tRNA

36
Q

Cloverleaf shape

Each species holds a single amino acid

A

tRNA

37
Q

Extensive intrachain base pairing

Contains unusual bases

A

tRNA

38
Q

Template in translation

A

mRNA

39
Q

Usually found in eukaryotes

A

sRNA

small RNA

40
Q

Different subtypes of sRNA

A 
small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
micro RNA (miRNA)
small interfering RNA (siRNA)
41
Q

RNA processing

Involved in gene regulation

A

snRNA

42
Q

mRNA regulation
Regulates speed of creation of new RNA
Inhibition of gene expression

A

siRNA

43
Q

Inhibition of gene expression

A

miRNA

44
Q

Introduced when the DNA double helix is twisted

A

Supercoil

45
Q

The greater the number of supercoils, the _____ the stress or torsion

A

Greater

46
Q

Stabilization of double helix is via

A

Hydrophobic interaction between stacked nitrogenous bases
Van der waals forces
H-bonds between the nitrogenous base complementary pairing

47
Q

Composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose monosaccharide, and one, two or three phosphate gouprs

A

Nucleotide

48
Q

Purine bases

A

Adenine
Guanine
(Para matandaan: PuGA)

49
Q

Pyrimidine bases

A

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

01 Cell (22 decks)

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