21 - Chromosomal Inheritance

Question 1

Sex-linked genes

Answer 1

a gene located on either sex chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are on the X chromosome and show distinctive patterns of inheritance; there are very few genes on the Y chromosome.

Question 2

Pedigree analysis

Answer 2

is a diagrammatic method used to study the inheritance of traits in families. It involves creating a family tree, or pedigree chart, that displays the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or trait across several generations

Question 3

Chromosome inactivation

Answer 3

(X-chromosome inactivation), is a process that occurs in female mammals to balance the dosage of X-linked genes between males and females. Happens semi-randomly

Question 4

Barr bodies

Answer 4

A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.

Question 5

Xist gene

Answer 5

short for “X-inactive specific transcript,” is a crucial gene involved in the process of X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals. It is located on the X chromosome and plays a key role in silencing one of the two X chromosomes in each cell.

Question 6

Wild type

Answer 6

the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the individual with that phenotype

Question 7

Mutant

Answer 7

a mutant refers to an organism, gene, or cell that has undergone a mutation, which is a change in its DNA sequence

Question 8

Recombination

Answer 8

General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.

Question 9

Linkage

Answer 9

linkage refers to the tendency of genes that are located close to each other on the same chromosome to be inherited together during meiosis, the process of forming gametes (sperm and egg cells)

Question 10

Recombination frequency