11 - Cellular respiration Flashcards
Mitochondrion
Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
Cristae
inholdings in inner membrane
Matrix
contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
Intermembrane space
the narrow space located between the inner and outer membranes of an organelle
Glycolysis
(sugar splitting) occurs in the cytosol, begins the degradation process by breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
Citric acid cycle
functions as a metabolic furnace that further oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP synthesis, it is powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain
NAD+
electron acceptor, functions as an oxidizing agent during respiration
NADH
reduced form of NAD+, coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier in redox reaction
Substrate level phosphorylation
a metabolic process where ATP is generated by directly transferring a high-energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate molecule to ADP
Pyruvate
a three-carbon molecule that serves as a key intermediate product of glycolysis, breakdown of glucose, and acts as a crucial link in various metabolic pathyways within a cell
Fermentation
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that procudes a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid
Lactate
a chemical produced by the body when cells break down carbohydrates for energy
FAD
a coenzyme used in many metabolic processes, like cellular respiration
Electron transport chain
consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
