16 - Transcription

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

is the synthesis (production) of RNA using information in the DNA

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

is the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA

Question 3

Triplet

Answer 3

the genetic instructions for a polypeptide chain are written in the DNA as a series of nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words

Question 4

Template strand

Answer 4

1/2 DNA strands that is transcribed, it provides the pattern, or template, for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript

Question 5

Nontemplate / coding strand

Answer 5

is the DNA strand that has the same sequence as the RNA transcript being produced, except that thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA.

Question 6

Promoter

Answer 6

The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcript

Question 7

Transcription unit

Answer 7

the stretch of DNA downstream from the promoter that is transcribed into a RNA molecule

Question 8

TATA box

Answer 8

is a short DNA sequence found in the promoter region of many genes in eukaryotes

Question 9

Transcription factors

Answer 9

A collection of proteins in eukaryotes that help guide the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription

Question 10

RNA polymerase 2

Answer 10

is an enzyme in eukaryotic cells responsible for transcribing DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 11

Initiation

Answer 11

After RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, the polymerase unwinds the DNA strands and initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand

Question 12

Elongation

Answer 12

The polymerase moves downstream, unwinding the DNA and elongating the RNA transcript 5’—-3’. After transcription has occurred, the DNA strands re-form a double helix

Question 13

Termination

Answer 13

Eventually, the RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches from the DNA

Question 14

Uracil

Answer 14

one of the four nucleotide bases found in RNA. In DNA, uracil is replaced by thymine (T), but in RNA, uracil takes its place as a key component in the genetic code.

Question 15

Polyadenylation signal

Answer 15

is a specific sequence of nucleotides in a gene’s DNA that signals where the addition of a poly-A tail should occur on the RNA transcript.

Question 16

5’ Cap

Answer 16

is a modified nucleotide added to the 5’ end of a newly synthesized messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in eukaryotic cells shortly after transcription begins.

Question 17

Poly -A tail

Answer 17

formed by an enzyme that adds 50-250 more adenine (A) nucleotides , added to the 3’ end of a newly synthesized messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in eukaryotes

Question 18

Start codon

Answer 18

is a specific sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that signals the beginning of protein synthesis during translation, not transcription.

Question 19

Stop codon

Question 20

Intron

Answer 20

non-coding segments of a gene that are transcribed into RNA but are removed during RNA processing. During RNA splicing, introns are excised, and the remaining exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA.

Question 21

Exon

Answer 21

segments of a gene that are transcribed into RNA and remain in the final messenger RNA (mRNA) after the RNA processing steps. During RNA splicing, exons are joined together, while non-coding regions called introns are removed.