14 - Meiosis Flashcards
Heredity
the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Gametes
Reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs
Somatic cells
All body cells EXCEPT reproductive cells (gametes)
Asexual reproduction
A single individual (like yeast or amoeba) is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring WITHOUT the fusion of gametes
Sexual production
Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
Sex chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes
Autosomes
chromosomes that are not involved in determining a person’s sex
Ploidy
refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
Diploid
any cell with two chromosomes sets (2n)
Haploid
single set of chromosomes (n)
Zygote
resulting fertilized egg, diploid cell
Fertilization
the union of gametes, culminating in fusion of their nuclei
Meiosis
special type of cell division that produces cells with half the chromosome of the parent cell. Occurs in cells of testes and ovaries in humans
Meiosis 1
Homologs are separated
Prophase 1
Duplicated homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments (2n=6)