07 - Organelles Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells
(animals, plants, fungi, and protists) Cell with membrane- enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelle
Prokaryotic cells
(Bacteria and archaea) Cell lacking membrane enclosed nucleus and enclosed organelles
Plasma membrane
membrane at boundary of every cell, selective barrier
Cytosol
Semifluid portion of the cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Thread like structure found in nucleus, made of DNA and proteins
Chromatin
Complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes
Nucleus
An atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons, contains genetic material
Nuclear membrane
(nuclear envelope) - double layered barrier that surrounds nucleus of cell
Nuclear pore complex
Gateway, Large protein in nuclear membrane, regulates transport of molecules
Nuclear import sequence
A nuclear import sequence, also known as a nuclear localization signal (NLS), is a short amino acid sequence in a protein that acts like a “tag” directing the protein to the cell’s nucleus
Nuclear export sequence
A nuclear export sequence (NES) is a short amino acid sequence in a protein that acts like a “tag” directing the protein to be transported out of the cell’s nucleus
Nuclear importer
Type of transport protein that moves molecules (protein and RNA) into cell
Nuclear exporter
Transport protein that helps move molecules out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm
Ribosome
Small cellular structures made of RNA and proteins, responsible for protein synthesis
Free ribosome
float freely in cytoplasm
Bound ribosome
attached to the surface of ER in cels, synthesize proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Network of membranes within cell that produces, processes, and transport proteins and lipids
Smooth ER
type of ER without ribosomes on surface
Rouch ER
Portion of ER with ribosomes attached
Golgi appartus
Prepares for transport, organelle in Eukaryotic cells, modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids
-Cis face
“receiving” side of golgi apparatus
-Trans face
“shipping” side of golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Small, membrane bound sac within cell that transports substances
Lysosome
A membrane-bound organelle in a cell that contains digestive enzymes. Function is to break down and recycle cellular waste, damaged organelles, and foreign substances
