12 - Photosynthesis Flashcards
Chloroplast
the eukaryotic organelle that absorbs energy from sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water
Granum
A stack of poker chips of thlyakoids
Thylakoids
flattened, interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast
Stroma
The fluid outside the thylakoids, contains chloroplast DNA and ribosomes along with many enzymes
Calvin cycle
(the synthesis part) is a series of biochemical processes that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms
carbon fixation
Initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds
Outer membrane
is part of their double membrane structure, allowing selective permeability and playing a role in the transport of molecules
Intermembrane space
the thin space between the outer and inner membranes of the chloroplast envelope
Inner membrane
The inner membrane encloses the stroma and thylakoids, playing a role in photosynthesis.
Thylakoid space
(lumen), is the interior compartment of the thylakoids in chloroplasts. It is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane and plays a key role in photosynthesis
Light reactions
occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. They convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Photosystem membrane proteins
Photosystem membrane proteins are integral components of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. They are involved in capturing light energy and facilitating electron transport during photosynthesis. Two types are photosystem 2 and photosystem 1, where photosystem 2 comes first.
Light harvesting complex
is a group of proteins and pigments, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
Pigment molecules
Pigment molecules in biology are compounds that absorb specific wavelengths of light, giving color to cells and tissues
