12 - Photosynthesis

Question 1

Chloroplast

Answer 1

the eukaryotic organelle that absorbs energy from sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

Question 2

Granum

Answer 2

A stack of poker chips of thlyakoids

Question 3

Thylakoids

Answer 3

flattened, interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast

Question 4

Stroma

Answer 4

The fluid outside the thylakoids, contains chloroplast DNA and ribosomes along with many enzymes

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

(the synthesis part) is a series of biochemical processes that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms

Question 6

carbon fixation

Answer 6

Initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds

Question 7

Outer membrane

Answer 7

is part of their double membrane structure, allowing selective permeability and playing a role in the transport of molecules

Question 8

Intermembrane space

Answer 8

the thin space between the outer and inner membranes of the chloroplast envelope

Question 9

Inner membrane

Answer 9

The inner membrane encloses the stroma and thylakoids, playing a role in photosynthesis.

Question 10

Thylakoid space

Answer 10

(lumen), is the interior compartment of the thylakoids in chloroplasts. It is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane and plays a key role in photosynthesis

Question 11

Light reactions

Answer 11

occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. They convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Question 12

Photosystem membrane proteins

Answer 12

Photosystem membrane proteins are integral components of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. They are involved in capturing light energy and facilitating electron transport during photosynthesis. Two types are photosystem 2 and photosystem 1, where photosystem 2 comes first.

Question 13

Light harvesting complex

Answer 13

is a group of proteins and pigments, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Question 15

Pigment molecules

Answer 15

Pigment molecules in biology are compounds that absorb specific wavelengths of light, giving color to cells and tissues

Question 16

Carbon acceptor

Answer 16

a carbon acceptor is a molecule that incorporates carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle. The primary carbon acceptor is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP).

Question 17

Carbon fixation

Answer 17

is the process of converting inorganic carbon dioxide (CO₂) into organic compounds. It occurs during the Calvin cycle in the chloroplasts

Question 18

Reduction

Answer 18

refers to a chemical reaction where a molecule gains electrons. This process often involves the addition of hydrogen atoms or the removal of oxygen atoms.

Question 19

Regeneration

Answer 19

refers to the phase in the Calvin cycle where ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is regenerated