02 - Bonds and Polarity

Question 1

Ionic bond

Answer 1

the attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 3

Hydrogen bond

Answer 3

Is an attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge, and an electron carrying a partial negative charge

Question 4

Bonding capacity

Answer 4

Corresponding to the number of covalent bonds the atom can form

Question 5

Electronegativity

Answer 5

The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

Question 6

Polar

Answer 6

Overall charge is unevenly distributed, hydrophilic

Question 7

Nonpolar

Answer 7

refers to molecules or parts of molecules that do not have regions with distinct electrical charges, typically hydrophobic

Question 8

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 8

In a covalent bond between two atoms of the same element, electrons are equally shared because the 2 atoms have the same electronegativity

Question 9

Hydrophobic

Answer 9

Substances that are non-ionic and non-polar, repel water

Question 10

Hydrophilic

Answer 10

Water- loving, any substance that has an affinity for water

Question 11

Solvent

Answer 11

The dissolving agent of a solution

Question 12

Solute

Answer 12

substance that is dissolved

Question 13

Hydration shell

Answer 13

Sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

Question 14

Dissolution

Answer 14

The process where a solute in a gaseous, liquid, or solid phase dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

Question 15

Solubility

Answer 15

Degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent to make a solution

Question 16

What are three important chemical bonds?

Answer 16

Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen

Question 17

What do ionic bonds form?

Answer 17

When ions bind together, they tend to form crystal structures called ionic compounds, not molecules

Question 18

What is an example of an ionic compound?

Answer 18

Sodium chloride (CL)

Question 19

What do covalent bonds form?

Answer 19

Molecules

Question 20

What creates a polar covalent bond?

Answer 20

Unequal electronegativity creates a polar covalent bond

Question 21

What bonds are an example of nonpolar bonds?

Answer 21

Hydrogen, shares electrons equally
Oxygen, shares electrons equally

Question 22

What covalent bond is an example of polar?

Answer 22

Water, slightly polar because electron spends more time near Oxygen and less time near it

Question 23

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds are a type of weak chemical bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom, which is already bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine, is attracted to another electronegative atom from a different molecule or a different part of the same molecule

Question 24

What is the most common mechanism in changing the acidity of a solution?

Answer 24

Add or remove protons or hydrogen ions

Question 25

In biological systems, what are acids?

Answer 25

Acids are substances that can donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. Acids lose extra proteins.

Question 26

In biological systems, what are bases?

Answer 26

Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions (H⁺) or release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water. Bases pick up extra proteins.