13 - Cell cycle and mitosis

Question 1

Somatic cells

Answer 1

all body cells except the reproductive cells

Question 2

cell cycle

Answer 2

the life of a cell from the time it is first formed during division of a parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells

Question 3

Mitotic phase (M)

Answer 3

includes both mitosis and cytokinesis, shortest part of the cell cycle

Question 4

Interphase

Answer 4

Much longer stage, accounts for 90% of the cycle. Interphase can be divided into three phases

Question 5

G1 phase

Answer 5

“first gap”

Question 6

S phase

Answer 6

“synthesis”

Question 7

G2 phase

Answer 7

“second gap”

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

the division of the genetic material in the nucleus

Question 9

Prophase

Answer 9

is the first stage of mitosis, cells chromosomes have become visible as they condense and thicken

Question 10

Prometaphase

Answer 10

the stage of mitosis that follows prophase. The nuclear membrane completely breaks down, allowing chromosomes to spread out within the cell

Question 11

Metaphase

Answer 11

Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of cell

Question 12

Anaphase

Answer 12

the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

the stage of mitosis where the cell starts to finish dividing

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 15

Centromeres

Answer 15

a region made up of repetitive sequences in the chromosomal DNA where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

small cylindrical structures that help organize the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 17

Mitotic spindle

Answer 17

begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase. yellow string things

Question 18

Aster

Answer 18

a star-shaped structure that forms around each centrosome during mitosis

Question 19

Kinetochore

Answer 19

A structure made up of proteins that have assembled on specific sections of DNA at each centromere

Question 20

Kinetochore microtubules

Answer 20

special fibers that attach to a specific part of the chromosome called the kinetochore

Question 21

Non-kinetochore microtubules

Answer 21

fibers that do not attach to the chromosomes during mitosis. Instead, they overlap with the MTs from opposite side of cell

Question 22

Metaphase plate

Answer 22

is an imaginary plate rather than an actual cellular structure

Question 23

Cleavage furrow

Answer 23

a shadow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate

Question 24

Cleavage

Answer 24

the process where a single cell divides into two daughter cells

Question 25

Cell cycle control system

Answer 25

A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle

Question 26

Checkpoints

Answer 26

a control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cell. Three important ones are found in G1, G2, and M phases.