2016 module exam Flashcards
What cells are responsible for this type of vision?
- Narrow amacrine cells
- Ganglion cells
- Wide-field amacrine cells
- Medium-field amacrine cells
- Wide-field amacrine cells
What nerve if affected causes ptosis?
a. II
b. III
c. IV
d. V
b. III
Compression of which of the following nerves will lead to slow papillary response to light?
a. II
b. III
c. V
d. VI
?
Where is the facial nerve taste nucleus?
- Nucleus ambiguous
- Nucleus tractus solitarius
- Superior salivatory nucleus
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
- Nucleus tractus solitarius
What are the main afferent projections from midbrain to striatum?
- Nigrostriatal
- Striatonigral
- Pallidotegmental
- Thalamostriate
- Nigrostriatal
A patient fails to name objects. Which cortical lesion is likely to be affected?
- Supramarginal
- Superior temporal gyrus
- Post-central gyrus
- Cingulum
?
What connects the two temporal temporal lobes
- Anterior commissure
- Posterior commissure
- Forcips major
- Forcips minor
- Anterior commissure
What connects the pretectal nuclei?
- Anterior commissure
- Posterior commissure
- Forcips major
- Forcips minor
- Posterior commissure
A patient has vertical diplopia when going downstairs and he tilts his head to the opposite side to avoid diplopia
- Lacteral rectus
- Inferior oblique
- Medial rectus
- Superior oblique
- Superior oblique
What kind of fibers connect the right cerebral hemisphere with the left cerebellar hemisphere?
- Pons
- Superior cerebellar decussation
- Midbrain
- Pons
What can be a source of energy when the brain is ischemic?
- Monosaccarides
- Glycerides
- Fatty acids
- Ketone bodies
- Ketone bodies
What characterizes the structure of myelin?
a. High lipid to protein ratio
b. Low cholesterol
c. Myelin specific lipids
a. High lipid to protein ratio
What causes leber’s congenital amaurosis?
RPE isomerase
A 66 year old patient came to the casualty with acute left-sided weakness and numbness. He hast hypertension and he is a heavy smoker. He was diagnosed with TIA. How long do TIA symptoms usually last?
a. Less than 5 minutes
b. 5-20 minutes
c. 30-60 minutes
d. 60-120 minutes
e. More than 24 hours
?
A 21 year old presented at the neurology clinic with hand numbness and he was diagnosed with
carpal tunnel syndrome. What best describes carpal tunnel syndrome?
a. Mononeuropothy
b. Polyneuropathy
c. Neuronopathy
d. Reticulopathy
a. Mononeuropothy
What is the best imaging modality to diagnose space occupying lesions?
a. MRI
b. CT
c. Ultrasound d. X-ray
a. MRI
Which of the following types of decreased memory causes is reversible?
- Alzheimer’s
- Lewy body dementia
- Depression
- Fronto-temporal dementia
- Parkinson’s disease
- Depression
What is the pathophysiological effect of a lesion in area 2 of sensory cortex?
- A deficit in tactile ability when the eyes are closed
- Inability to distinguish the shapes when holding with hands
- Loss of proprioception
- Loss of thermal sensation and pain
?
Which drug is used exclusively for absence seizures?
a. Ethosuxemide
b. Carbamazepine
a. Ethosuxemide
A 71 year-old with a history of head trauma had sodium concentration corrections using I.V fluid
but then she became blunted. What is the cause?
Central pontine myelinosis
Which drug combination produces leptoanalgesia?
Droperidol-fentanyl
A 24 year old man was involved in a car accident and has been awake but without awareness to the environment and no purposeful movements. He has been like that for 2 months.
a. Persistent vegetative state
b. Permanent vegetative sate
c. Minimally conscious state +
d. Minimally conscious state –
a. Persistent vegetative state
What is the mechanism of the analgesic effect on morphine?
- Adenylate cyclase: inhibited
K+ conduction: Activated
Ca conduction: inhibited
2.
Adenylate cyclase: inhibited
K+ conduction: inhibited
Ca conduction: inhibited
3.
Adenylate cyclase: Activated
K+ conduction: Activated
Ca conduction: Activated
4.
Adenylate cyclase: Activated
K+ conduction: inhibited
Ca conduction: inhibited
- Adenylate cyclase: inhibited
K+ conduction: Activated
Ca conduction: inhibited
In case of sub-threshold stimulation of the right supplementary motor area, what will happen?
- Movement of the right hand distal to the wrist
- Complex bilateral movements of the hands
- Urge to move the hand without motor output
- Urge to move the hand without motor output
What is the mechanism of action of the antidepressant citalopram?
Selective Rerotonin Re-uptake Inhibition
A 75 year old man is seen with symptoms of meningitis. CSF revealed many neutrophils and gram positive bacilli. What is the organism?
Listeria Monocytogenes
A 64 year-old man visited the clinic to follow up his Parkinson’s disease. Which of the following
is characteristic of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease?
a. Early dementia
b. Early visual hallucinations
c. Early resting tremors
d. Early falling
c. Early resting tremors
A 35 year-old female fell while riding a bike and had a head injury. She had headache and
confusion. CT showed hemorrhage in extradural space. What blood vessel was injured?
a. Middle cerebral artery
b. Middle meningeal artery
c. Basilar artery
b. Middle meningeal artery
A patient with right sided hemiparesis. What sign helps to localize the lesion in the brainstem?
a. Increased tone in the right side
b. Positive babinski sign in right side
c. Hyper-reflexes in the right side
d. Facial muscle weakness on the left side
d. Facial muscle weakness on the left side
What is true regarding haloperidol?
Increased extrapyramidal tract symptoms due to high potency
A person with Shwannoma, which protein is mutated in Neurofibromatosis 2.
Merlin
Patient presented with paralysis of the right side of the body with altered sensation of the right side of the body. The cranial nerves are normal. Where do you expect the lesion?
a. Left motor cortex
b. Genu of left internal capsule
c. Posterior limb of left internal capsule
d. Right corticospinal of upper cervical spinal cord
c. Posterior limb of left internal capsule
A 25 year old previously healthy female presented with an acute onset of confusion followed by a seizure. CT scan of her head showed hemorrhage of temporal lobe. CSF showed high mononuclear cells. Glucose and protein levels were normal.
Herpes simplex virus
A premature child developed fever, behavioral changes, and bulging fontanellae after three days of traumatic birth. CSF shows gram negative bacilli. What could the organism be?
a. Neiserria meningitidis
b. Listeria monocytogenes
c. Escherischia coli
c. Escherischia coli