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CNS module - 4th year > 2009 final > Flashcards

2009 final Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord injury below L1 causes

A

Muscle atrophy of both legs

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2
Q

Right-spinothalamic lesion

A

Pain (pin-brick) at the left leg

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3
Q

Responsible for the generation of walking

A

Multisynaptic circuit

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4
Q

Sensitive to stretch

A

Gamma motor neurons

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5
Q

A patient with poliomyelitis will have damage in

A

Anterior horn cells

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6
Q

A patient with upper motor neuron lesion. What could be a sign?

A

Hyper-reflexia

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7
Q

Medial 2 fingers suffer from paralysis with interossei

A

Ulnar nerve injury

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8
Q

What could affect the function of the lateral leminiscus?

A

Cochlear nuclei

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9
Q

Dysphagia + dysarthria

A

Nucleus ambiguous

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10
Q

What is the most common disorder of demyelination?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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11
Q

Which nuclei is associated with pupillary reflex?

A

Edinger-westphal nucleus

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12
Q

Occlusion of anterior spinal artery will lead to

A

Loss of touch sense in both legs

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13
Q

A patient came with diplopia, when asked to look medially toward the nose and down, he was able to look medially but not down. Which nerve is affected?

A

Trochlear nerve

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14
Q

A patient with loss of discriminative touch in the right hand and forearm, with loss of pain and temperature and movement. What can conclude that this is a brain-stem injury?

A

Horner syndrome to the right eye

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15
Q

In a patient with internuclear opthalmoplegia, what will be a sign?

A

Diplopia

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16
Q

What is induced in response to a drop in intracellular pH in ischemia?

A

Na-H exchanger

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17
Q

What controls glucose metabolism and cerebral metabolic rate?

A

Glutamate-glutamine cycle by astrocytes

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18
Q

What controls local cerebral blood flow under normal condition?

A

Glutamate release

19
Q

A change in the cerebral blood flow is mainly due to

A

a change in CO2 concentration

20
Q

What is noticed in Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Impaired comprehension of words and sentences

21
Q

Where is the auditory radiation seen?

A

Sublenticular part

22
Q

Which cerebral layer is where we mainly see the corticospinal tract

A

V

23
Q

Which artery supplies the medial surface of the cerebrum?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

24
Q

Which artery if damaged will cause loss of vision?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

25
Q

Sciatica

A

Extradural in spinal cord

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Best seen on sagittal section

27
Q

What vessel is ruptured in subdural hematoma?

A

Bridging veins

28
Q

Which disease is associated with 200 or more GAA repeats?

A

Friedrich’s ataxia

29
Q

Fragile X syndrome is characterized by

A

Transcriptional silencing

30
Q

What is the axon of the granular neuron in the cerebellum?

A

Parallel fibers

31
Q

Damage to the right limbs

A

Right intermediate zone of cerebellum

32
Q

Damage to superior cerebellar peduncle will affect

A

Dentothalamic pathway

33
Q

Which gives its output to the prefrontal cortex?

A

Caudate

34
Q

What is a feature of idiopathic parkinson’s?

A

Rigidity (cogwheel) and resting tremor with brakykinesia

35
Q

Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor

A

Carbidopa

36
Q

Which drug inhibits dopamine metabolism in the brain?

A

Selegiline

37
Q

Muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist

A

Benztropine

38
Q

EBM: A diagnostic test with pre-test probability of 50%, if it became 10% what will happen?

A

Sensitivity and specificity will not change, PPV will decrease, NPV will increase

39
Q

EBM: There was a four-squares box with numbers, if the patient was tested positive, what is the chance of her having the disease?

A

You calculate it by using the formula (A/A+B)

40
Q

EBM: What is the importance of the gold standard?

A

Define disease and non-disease states

41
Q

EBM: You did a case control study regarding contraceptive use and breast cancer, your cases were taken from the hospital while your controls were taken from the infertility department. What is the problem with the study?

A

Controls are not appropriate

42
Q

EBM: The prevalence of getting other types of cancer if you have breast cancer is 6%, while in controls it’s 3%. What measures this?

A

Odds Ratio

43
Q

EBM: An RCT was done with an intention to treat analysis. What was the purpose of that?

A

Keep randomization intact at all cost

CNS module - 4th year (17 decks)

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