2015 final Flashcards
Where is the most likely problem located according to the audiogram on the right?
A. Middle ear
B. Auditory nerve
C. Organ of corti
D. Inner hair cells
A. Middle ear
(We did not take audiograms but this is an example of conductive hearing loss where bone conduction is longer than air conduction, but even if you don’t know how to interpret it B, C, and D are all examples of sensorineural hearing loss and are impossible to differentiate through just an audiogram so the most likely answer is A)
Patient with a stroke (UMN lesion) what will he present with within 24 hrs?
A. Hyperreflexia, spastic paralysis, hypertonia
B. Hypotonia, hyporeflexia, flaccid paralysis
B. Hypotonia, hyporeflexia, flaccid paralysis (The concept is that in UMN lesions the body first undergoes a state of spinal shock and the UMN lesion symptoms would develop after a week or so)
Where are the temporo-pontine fibers located in the midbrain?
A. Lateral1/6 of the crus cerebri
B. Medial2/3 of the crus cerebri
C. Medial1/6 of the crus
A. Lateral1/6 of the crus cerebri
Proliferation of which cell is needed for peripheral nerve regeneration?
A. Macrophages
B. Schwanncell
C. Microglialcell
D. Fibroblast
B. Schwanncell
What two veins form the great cerebral vein?
Right internal cerebral and left internal cerebral vein
Where do axons of cerebellar granule cells originate from?
A. Mossyfibers
B. Parallelfibers
B. Parallelfibers
Main output of the cerebellum?
Deep cerebellar nuclei
Lesion in which nucleus causes loss of abduction of the eye?
A. Oculomotor
B. Abducent
B. Abducent
When you pick up a cup, what is the function of the premotor area?
Selection of the muscles needed for movement
Why is it possible for a skilled tennis player to accurately hit and return a fast flying tennis ball?
A. Short reaction time due to training
B. Cerebellar integration of occipital and visual stimuli
C. Integration of visual, mechanoreceptor and vestibular via feedback
D. Path of the flying ball is pre-calculated by feedforward mechanisms
D. Path of the flying ball is pre-calculated by feedforward mechanisms
Autoregulation is a mechanism that maintains cerebral blood flow more or less constant despite large variation in the mean arterial blood pressure. Which blood vessels play a key role in this mechanism?
A. Carotidarteries
B. Pialarteries
C. Penetratingarteries
D. Parenchymal arterioles
B. Pialarteries
Which of the following is true about long term potentiation?
A. Opening of AMPA receptors triggers calcium influx and phosphorylation and activation
of kinases
B. Removal of the Mg+2 block on pre-synapse
C. Opening of NMDA receptors triggers an IPSP
D. Trafficking of more AMPA receptors to the post synaptic membrane because of
calcium influx
D. Trafficking of more AMPA receptors to the post synaptic membrane because of
calcium influx
A person went into a cold room and shivered within few minutes, what’s responsible for the thermoregulation
A. Activation of the peripheral receptors of the skin
B. Activation of core body receptors
C. Increased input to anterior nuclei
D. Change in the blood temperature in the lateral hypothalamus
A. Activation of the peripheral receptors of the skin
A, B, and C could all be correct if the patient stayed for a long time for the blood to change its temperature
In cross extensor reflex, to which neuron the afferent alpha neuron will synapse with in the extensor muscle?
A. Excitatoryinterneuron
B. Inhibitoryinterneuron
C. Gammaneuron
D. 1B sensory afferent neuron
A. Excitatoryinterneuron
We can differentiate between different frequencies of voices; what structure helps us to do so?
A. Innerhaircells
B. Outerhaircells
C. Basilar membrane
D. Neurons of the spiral ganglion
C. Basilar membrane
What is the consequence of a strong input from mossy fibers to the cerebellar cortex? (Zoran note cerebellar circuit)
Enabling error correction
What occurs if the “reticular activating system” is damaged completely?
A. Spasticity arms extended
B. Spasticity arms flexed
C. Deep coma
C. Deep coma
What precipitates seizures?
Decreased GABA from reticular nucleus
What is observed in polio disease?
A. Hyporeflexia, sensory loss in leg, weakness
B. Hyporeflexia in arm not in the leg
C. Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, muscle wasting
C. Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, muscle wasting
What occurs because of segmental demyelination?
Muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes
Defect in which step of phototransduction will result in Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA)?
Regeneration of 11-cis retinal
What is a characteristic of myelin membrane?
A. Contain specific basic protein
B. Low content of cholesterol
C. Has very low phosphatidylserine
D. Glycosphingolipids are absent
A. Contain specific basic protein
What nuclear medicine study is useful to evaluate a patient with cerebral ischemia and if he is at risk of developing stroke?
A. F18 deoxyglucose PET
B. Tc99m HMPAO brain SPECT
C. Tc99m HMPAO brain SPECT with acetazolamide
D. 015 water brain PET with calculation of oxygen extraction
C. Tc99m HMPAO brain SPECT with acetazolamide
Which fungal organism most likely to cause meningitis in people with AIDS? A. pneumocystis jiroveci
Cryptococcus neoformans
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a heterogeneous neurological disorder cause by genetic mutations. Which of the following pathways is affected in this disorder?
Axoplasmic transport