2014 final Flashcards
A 70-year-old man presents with this visual field defect (The dark shaded areas indicate the areas of loss of visual field), what is the most likely cause?
a. Berry aneurysm
b. Meningioma
c. Prolactinoma
d. Glioma
c. Prolactinoma
A lady with a recent seizure, CT revealed a hemorrhagic left temporal lobe. CSF revealed few mononuclear cells and normal glucose. What could be the causative organism?
a. N. Meningitis
b. Herpes Simplex Virus
c. Candida Albicans
b. Herpes Simplex Virus
What causes non-communicating hydrocephalus?
a. Meningitis
b. Cerebral aqueduct stenosis
c. Hydramnios
d. Premature closure of membranes
b. Cerebral aqueduct stenosis
10% of stroke patients die before hospital assessment. How will this impact the incidence, prevalence, disability adjusted life years, and mortality of stroke?
a. Incidence will increase
b. Prevalence will increase
c. Incidence will decrease but prevalence will increase
d. Disability adjusted life years will increase
e. Mortality will decrease
e. Mortality will decrease
A young man who was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. What will help treat his apathy and bluntness affect?
a. Olanzapine
b. Thioridazine
c. Haloperidol
d. Chlorpromazine e. Carbidopa
a. Olanzapine
Which brain structure is involved in acquiring procedural memory?
a. Amygdala
b. Basal ganglia
c. Hippocampus
d. Prefrontal cortex
b. Basal ganglia
What type of infarcts is caused by hemodynamic compromise?
a. Lacunar infarct
b. Watershed infarct
c. Hemorrhagic infarct
d. Basal ganglia infarct
b. Watershed infarct
What is required to convert all trans retinal to 11 cis retinal in the photo transduction?
a. Isomerase
b. Light
c. Vitamin A
d. Adenylate cyclase
a. Isomerase
What is the treatment for cerebral malaria?
a. I.V. quinine
b. I.V. chloroquine
a. I.V. quinine
What nerve is responsible for afferent limb of corneal reflex?
a. Ophthalmic nerve
b. Maxillary nerve
c. Mandibular nerve
d. Facial nerve
a. Ophthalmic nerve
which of the following is true about the supplementary motor area?
a. Selection of movement to external cues
b. Can control movement independent of the primary motor cortex
c. Stimulation can lead to movement in both ipsilateral and contralateral limbs
c. Stimulation can lead to movement in both ipsilateral and contralateral limbs
The blood flow to the brain is 50 ml/100g/minute. What happens to the brain tissue if the blood flow through the brain is decreased by 50%?
a. The function is lost forever
b. The electrical activity of the neurons will be lost
c. Neurons die
d. The neurons will die if the decrease in BF is maintained
b. The electrical activity of the neurons will be lost
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a heterogeneous neurological disorder caused by genetic mutations. Which of the following pathways is affected in this disorder?
a. Rho signaling
b. Axoplasmic transport
c. FeS cluster biogenesis
b. Axoplasmic transport
Which of the following thalamic nuclei is responsible for receiving temperature and pain sensation of the face?
a. Anterior nucleus
b. Lateral nucleus
c. Ventroposteriolateral nucleus
d. Ventroposteriomedial nucleus
d. Ventroposteriomedial nucleus
Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for the cardiovascular system regulation?
a. Lateral
b. Medial
c. Periventricular
d. Dorsal
a. Lateral
There is a new diagnostic test for iron deficiency anemia with sensitivity 91% and specificity 83%. Your patient has microcytic anemia with duodenal ulcer. You estimate a pretest probability of 95%. What is the probability that the patient has IDA if the test is negative?
a. 9%
b. 67%
b. 67%
Patient in the hospital with enlargement of the central canal at the level of C3-C5. Which of the following does he most likely have?
a. Lack of pain sensation in the right side of his neck
b. Lack of pain sensation in the left side of his neck
c. Lack of pain sensation on both sides
d. Lack of proprioception in the right side
e. Lack of discriminative touch in the left
c. Lack of pain sensation on both sides
Generalized epileptic seizures result from enhanced oscillations of the thalamocortical loops. Loss of function mutation in which receptors can cause this type of epilepsy?
a. GABA receptors in excitatory thalamic neurons
b. Ach receptors of cortical neurons
c. Glutamate receptors of cortical neurons
d. Glutamate receptors of thalamic neurons
a. GABA receptors in excitatory thalamic neurons
What is the mechanism of action of cannabinoids on CB1 receptor?
a. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase, decreasing the production of cAMP
Patient HM had his both medial temporal lobes removed to treat the epileptic seizures he had. What was the consequence?
a. Inability to remember memories 10 years back
b. Inability to form new procedural memories
c. Inability to form new long-term memories
c. Inability to form new long-term memories
A brain mass beneath the dura was incidentally found in a 42 years old female. Gross examination showed whorls. On histology, it showed spindle cells with psamomma bodies. What is the diagnosis?
a. Meningioma
b. Medulloblastoma
c. Astrocytoma
a. Meningioma
Which of the following describes myelination in the central nervous system?
a. One oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple axons
b. One axon is myelinated by one oligodendrocyte
c. Multiple axons are myelinated by one Schwann
d. One Schwann cell myelinates one axon
a. One oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple axons
What does an EEG dipole represent?
a. EPSP/electrical charges in the dendrites
b. EPSP in the neuron body
c. EPSP in the axon
a. EPSP/electrical charges in the dendrites
What is the primary justification for placebo in RCT?
a. To have an unbiased randomization procedure
b. Because no proven/beneficial treatment plan for the disease being studied
c. To make the trial ethical
b. Because no proven/beneficial treatment plan for the disease being studied
Which of the following muscles are affected in ptosis of the eye?
Levator palpebrae superioris
Which of the following is the effect of tubocurarine on neurotransmission?
a. Antagonism of Ach receptors in neuromuscular junction
b. Antagonism of Ach receptors in autonomic ganglia
c. Antagonism of Ach receptors in prevertebral ganglia
a. Antagonism of Ach receptors in neuromuscular junction
What type of vaccine is Hib?
a. Conjugate
b. Polysaccharide
a. Conjugate