2010 module exam Flashcards
RT optic nerve lesion?
Blindness in RT eye
What are the correct properties to be able to pass BBB?
C
A patient with injury to the brain was asked to draw the left pic, but his drawing was the one on the right, where the lesion is located?
Right temporo-parietal junction
Which of the following contains sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers?
Striaterminalis
If you stretch a muscle you will evoke which of the following? (not sure)
- inhibitory interneurons stretch
reflex = knee jerk = excite! contraction = golgi tendon organ = inhibitory
Which of the following nuclei will receive information about the sensation?
Ventrolateral nucleus
A patient presented with developmental abnormality in the central canal.
What most likely would be the presentation?
Bilateral loss of sensation in the neck region ( Not sure)
Which artery is blocked in wellenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)?
Vertebral artery (PICA wasn’t in the choices)
A patient presented with muscle weakness, fasciculations (signs of LMN), where
do you suspect the lesion?
Lesion in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
How does fast adapting receptors receive stimulus and generate the potential?
Getting the stimulus at the beginning and end
Loss of sensation to the medial one half of the fingers with atrophy to the
interosseous muscles of the hand?
Ulnar nerve injury
Dorsal horn of the spinal cord is developed from?
Alarplate
A patient with polio will have?
Lower limb loss of deep tendon reflex (hyporeflexia), muscle wasting and weakness
What receptor is responsible for keeping the upright posture (standing)?
- Muscle spindle
- Ruffini
Muscle spindle
Activation of the Parasympathetic system will cause what?
Increase GI activity
Which part of the face will lose function if there is an injury to the right facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen?
Right Lower Face
Patient presented with ptosis and pupil constriction?
- Descending sympathetic fibers
- 3rd Nerve Palsy
- Descending sympathetic fibers
What most likely would be the signs seen in patient with segmental
demylination?
Hyporeflexia & muscle weakness (Explanation: NOT muscle wasting
because axon is not cut its just demylinated)
Young female with MS presented with visual abnormality, in direct reflex the eye
more dilated than indirect reflex of the same eye?
- Optic neuritis
- Right afferent papillary defect is affected
- Optic neuritis
A patient with a lung cancer presented with ptosis & miosia & anhidrosis?
Horner’s syndrome
(Explanation: The sympathetic tract passes next to the apex of the lung so any tumor in the apex can compress the sympathetic tract)
Ptosis with dilated pupil?
Occulomotor nerve palsy
Brain lipid metabolism is characterized by?
Synthesis of long chain fatty acid
An old lady complains of hypertension, diabetes, horizontal diplopia, &
convergent squint?
Abducent nerve lesion
Peroxisomal defect (learning topic biochemwk) lipotoxicity due to?
accumaltion of long chain fatty acid
Long chain fatty acids must be metabolized first in peroxisome
Sustained stimulation of pontine reticular fibers causes what?
Increase tone of antigravity muscles
Lesion in corticobulbar tract of the internal capsule?
Contra lateral paralysis in lower part of the face
A 57 year old man has lateral deviation of the eyeball, where is the lesion?
- Abducent nerve
- Occulomotor nerve
- Occulomotor nerve
The cause of Alzheimer’s disease?
Increasedβ-secretase activity
Central pontine myelinolysis happens due to?
Hyponatremia
A Japanese patient presented with NMO. What is true about the disease?
Antibodies against aquaporine 4 water channels
(Scenario) Female presented with sudden onset of paralysis on left arm and leg, loss of pain, temperature from half of her face, her eyes deviated laterally toward the right, ptosis, & dilated pupil.
which of the following is responsible for the loss of pain and temperature from the face?
Spinal nucleus of CN V
(Scenario) Female presented with sudden onset of paralysis on left arm and leg, loss of pain, temperature from half of her face, her eyes deviated laterally toward the right, ptosis, & dilated pupil.
which part of the brain is affected?
Superior midbrain
(Scenario) Female presented with sudden onset of paralysis on left arm and leg, loss of pain, temperature from half of her face, her eyes deviated laterally toward the right, ptosis, & dilated pupil.
which artery is most likely to be affected?
Posterior cerebral artery
What is the method of choice to diagnose a patient with CVA?
- CT
- MRI
CT
What is the sensory-motor hierarchy upon cortical function?
somatosensory cortex -> parieto-occipital -> pre-frontal association -> premotor -> primary motor (Flip Flop Concept)
Working memory in which part?
Prefrontal (Anterior Association Area)
A person with severe hypotension (MAP<50mmHg) what will happen to the brain?
reduce cerebral blood flow (Explanation: because less than 50 out of auto
regulation range)
What types of cells are present in the 5th cerebral cortical layer?
Pyramidal cells
What type of herniation can occur in the temporal lobe?
- Tentoriem
- Cantral ….
- Tentoriem
A 76 years old man has confusion and deeping coma after a cardiogenic shock, a
week later, he died. Autopsy would reveal?
Global cerebral ischemia
When reading out laud, which of the following is bypassed?
Wenicke’s area
What is the most common etiology of lacunar infarcts?
Systemic hypertension
What is a specific feature of supplementary motor association cortex?
- Doesn’t have a somatotopicpicture
- When stimulated, activates bilateral limb movement
- When stimulated, activates a specific group of muscles
- Independent of premotor and motor cortex
- Found in the anterior lateral side of the cortex
- Found in the anterior lateral side of the cortex
A patient who can not recognize an object in his hand, which type of
agnosia?
Astereognosia
A patient who can not recognize his left side of his body, which type of agnosia?
Personal neglect
An old man who had aneurysm in his MCA, what type of hemorrhage is most
likely to accur?
Subarachnoid
What’s true about functional columns of the cerebral cortex?
Different columns can activate the same muscle for different synergic
movements
The blood supply to certain area of the brain increases due to what?
Glutamate release
Cerebellum develops from which embryological structure?
Rhombic lips
On MRI, structure present in midline of sagittal section of the brain?
Pineal body
Damage to the subthalamusprodues which disease?
Hemibalism
If a person imagines doing a sequence in his fingers, which part of the brain is
active?
Supplementary motor area