2016 final Flashcards by Susan w

which of the following functions of the retina will be affected by a drug that inhibits Adenylate cyclase?

A) color vision
B) light/dark discrimination
C) night vision
D) motion detection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the side effect of tacrine that makes it not used in alzheimers patients?

A) nephrotoxicity
B) hepatotoxicity
C) cardiotoxicity

B) hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what structure would be least likely affected from cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A) Trochlear nerve
B) Ophthalmic nerve
C) Maxillary branch of Trigeminal (V2)
D) Mandibular branch of Trigeminal (V3)
E) Abducens nerve

D) Mandibular branch of Trigeminal (V3)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the best treatment plan for a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease?

A) Carbidopa-selegiline-amantadine
B) Levodopa-carbidopa-entacopone
C) Cabidopa-domperidone-benzotropine
D) Domperidone-ropinirole-amantadine

B) Levodopa-carbidopa-entacopone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what type of headache lasts for 5-240 seconds?

A) Cluster
B) SUNCT
C) Tension
D) Migraine

B) SUNCT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

70 year old hypertensive man came to the emergency room with right sided leg and arm numbness
Neurological examination: Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, in the left side
Loss of pain and temperature in the left side. What is affected?

A) Lateral medullary, left side
B) Medial medullary, left side
C) Hypothalamus, right side
D) Pontine tegmentum, right side
E) Medullary tegmentum, right side

A) Lateral medullary, left side

( the question in the exam had some contradictory signs, but the we had only one choice having lateral medullary which is towards the left)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what nerve accompanies the ophthalmic artery?

A) Nasociliary
B) Lacrimal
C) Abducens 
D) Frontal
E) Supraorbital

A) Nasociliary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is true about Alzheimer’s

ApoE4 increases the risk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which cellular network is responsible for the accuracy of sound localization?

A) Cellular network of inner hair cells
B) Neuronal connections in the ganglion cells
C) Interneurons in the cochlear nuclei
D) Neuronal network in the superior olivary nuclei

D) Neuronal network in the superior olivary nuclei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

unilateral cerebellar signs, right side dysdiadokinesia, nystagmus stroking to the right, swaying towards the right

A) Right cerebellar lesion
B) Left cerebellar lesion

A) Right cerebellar lesion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sensory-motor hierarchy?

A) Primary sensory > PAA > AAA > premotor > primary motor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

splenium of the corpus callosum bulges to which part of the lateral ventricle

A) Anterior horn
B) Posterior horn
C) Inferior horn
D) Central horn

C) Inferior horn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which bacteria cause of meningitis is treated with IV antibiotics and dexamethasone?

A) Listeria monocytogenes
B) S. agalectia
C) E. coli
D) S. pneumonie

D) S. pneumonie

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which of the following is responsible for depolarization by mechanosensory receptors of touch stimulus

By stretch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the nucleus that gives preganglionic fibers to the submandibular gland?

Superior salivatory nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which of these cortical areas does the band of baillarger pass through

A) visual cortex
B) frontal cortex
C) somatosensory cortex
D) temporal cortex

A) visual cortex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor nucleus of the vagus nerve:

A) nucleus tractus solitarius
B) nucleus ambiguous

B) nucleus ambiguous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mechanism of action of Imipramine

inhibit the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

young boy had a car accident, lost 3 liters of blood and died after 3 days. What can be seen in his brain

Edema
Cyst
Uncal heniation
Wedge-shaped infarction
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Wedge-shaped infarction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what drug needs to cross the blood brain barrier

A) Domperidone
B) Selegiline
C) Benserazide

B) Selegiline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why does the majority of antipsychotic drugs cause extra pyramidal symptoms?

A) Low affinity binding to D2R
B) Binding to nAch receptors
C) Blocking D2R in the nigrostriatal pathway

C) Blocking D2R in the nigrostriatal pathway

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

defect in the genes encoding for neural crest cells to migrate will affect the development of which of the following:

A) Sulcus limitans
B) Basal plate
C) Ventral root of the spinal cord
D) Dorsal root ganglion

D) Dorsal root ganglion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a 33 years old got a severe accident and became unconscious. He was unresponsive to noxious stimulation and EEG showed cerebral silence. What is the state of his consciousness

A) Conscious
B) Coma
C) Brain death
D) Deep sleep

C) Brain death

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

location of broca’s area:

A) Superior frontal gyrus
B) Inferior frontal gyrus

B) Inferior frontal gyrus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

comparing the CSF to blood, which of the following has an equal value in both ``` A) Amino acids B) Hydrogen C) Glucose D) Potassium E) Osmolarity ```

E) Osmolarity

young female has difficulty in writing using her right hand, and her hand wiring was illegible. She has loss of light touch in her left leg. CSF showed oligoclonal bands and high IgG index, what will be found in the pathological examination of her brain: A) Lymphocytic perivascular infiltration and white matter demyelination B) Gliosis and atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen

A) Lymphocytic perivascular infiltration and white matter demyelination

what structure would be affected in the early course of Alzheimer’s disease A) Amygdala B) Entorhinal cortex C) Temporal cortex D) Frontal cortex

B) Entorhinal cortex

function of the thalamic reticular nucleus: A) Modulation of impulses going from the thalamus to the cortex B) Promote or inhibit (can’t remember) the movement from the thalamus to the primary motor cortex C) Arousal D) Gives fibers to the hippocampus

A) Modulation of impulses going from the thalamus to the cortex

Difference in stroke in males and females: A) The risk is similar in males and females after menopause B) Higher deaths among males

A) The risk is similar in males and females after menopause

what will happen if mossey fibers origin were blocked due to a pharmacological drug or lesion A) Decreased dampening of the cerebellum B) Decrease contraction of muscles of posture C) Decrease in the correction function of the cerebellum

A) Decreased dampening of the cerebellum

function of the red nucleus

A relay to connect the cerebellum to lower motor neurons of the spinal cord

difference of PrPc from PrPsc

PrPsc has more beta conformation

which enzyme is responsible for the first step of amyloid plaque formation A) Beta secretase B) Gamma secretase C) Alpha secretase

A) Beta secretase

pregnant woman in her second trimester had an ultrasound where it showed an underdeveloped occipital bone with a protrusion of sac of brain tissue. What is the abnormality A) Meningoencephalocele B) Meningocele C) Meningohydroencephalocele D) Craniorechischis

A) Meningoencephalocele

which bacterial cause of meningitis is treated with parenteral antibiotics and dexamathazone A) E.coli B) S.pneumoniae C) Listeria monocytogens D) S.agalactia

B) S.pneumoniae

which of the following causes reversable inhibition to acetylcholine esterase

Donepezil

Lumbar puncture was done for a patient with HIV, CSF was cloudy and the analysis showed: high lymphocytes, low glucose, high proteins. CSF culture was negative after 5 days A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis B) Viral meningitis

A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

CSF analysis of normal glucose, high proteins, high lymphocytes

Viral meningitis

The most common cause of viral meningitis A) Enterococci B) Herpes

A) Enterococci

after whiplash injury MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the white matter. What is the type of injury A) Diffuse axonal injury B) Hematoma C) Coup D) Counter coup

A) Diffuse axonal injury

Leptin and insulin actions in the hypothalamus: A) Inhibit NPY/AgRP and stimulate POMC B) Stimulate NPY/AgRP and inhibit POMC

A) Inhibit NPY/AgRP and stimulate POMC

which of the following is true about Fredrich’s ataxia A) Overexpression of GAA B) Silencing of GAA C) Mutation of FMR1

A) Overexpression of GAA

CAG codon is translated to which of the following A) Glutamine B) Glycine C) Alanin

A) Glutamine

Father describing an incidence where his son appeared conscious at the beginning, listen to what was said and staring to one point (or something like that), then he fell, became unconscious and stated to have jerking movements. What is the diagnosis A) Partial seizure with secondary generalization B) Tonic seizure C) Clonic seizure D) Atonic seizure

A) Partial seizure with secondary generalization

relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and red color desaturation occur in a defect of which of the following A) Oculomotor nerve B) Optic nerve C) Color blindness D) Glaucoma

B) Optic nerve

what change will occur in the autoregulation curve in case of chronic hypertension A) The curve will shift to the right B) The curve will shift to the left C) The upper limit will shift to the right D) The lower limit will shift to the right

A) The curve will shift to the right

which blood vessel plays a role in CBF autoregulation? A) Carotid artery and circle of Willis B) Pial arteries C) Penetrating artery D) Parenchymal artery

B) Pial arteries

Patient in the hospital with enlargement of the central canal at the level of C3-C5. Which of the following does he most likely have? A) Lack of pain sensation in the right side of his neck B) Lack of pain sensation in the left side of his neck C) Lack of pain sensation on both sides D) Lack of proprioception in the right side E) Lack of discriminative touch in the left

C) Lack of pain sensation on both sides

the visual field defect pie in the sky will result from damage of which of the following

Temporal lobe

when intracellular calcium increases, this protein will cause phosphorylation and form tangles A) Tau B) Amyloid C) GSK3-beta

C) GSK3-beta Note: the question in the exam was put in a way where students at first would think about the protein that will “undergo” phosphorylation which in this case is “tau”. However, when reading it carefully, it is asking about the protein that will cause phosphorylation of tau, and in this case it is the enzyme GSK3-beta (glycogen synthase kinase 3) and remember that enzymes are proteins

which of the following is correct about fast adapting receptor A) Register the start and the end of the stimulus B) Register the start only C) Register the duration of the stimulus

A) Register the start and the end of the stimulus

young man had a car accident and lost 1 liter of blood, but he was still conscious and felt thirsty. What is the most likely signaling mechanism A) Hypothalamic osmoreceptors B) Carotid baroreceptors C) Aortic chemoreceptors D) Glucocorticoid receptors

B) Carotid baroreceptors

damage of which of the following will result in right homonymous hemianopia , blurry vision, and visual acuity of 20/100

Posterior cerebral artery

pontine fibers in the basilar part originate from which of the following A) Contralateral pontine nuclei B) Ipsilateral pontine nuclei

A) Contralateral pontine nuclei

a patient had a stroke before 1 hour, what will be expected on examination A) Hypotonia B) Hypertonia C) Babinski sign

A) Hypotonia

question about the diagnosis of a patient that seems awake but does not respond to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli A) Persistent vegetative state B) Coma C) Brain dead

A) Persistent vegetative state

injury to the neck leading to droopy shoulder and head tilt. Which nerve is affected ``` A) X B) XI C) IX D) V E) VI ```

B) XI

what type of vaccine is Hib A) Conjugate B) Polysaccharide

A) Conjugate

which of the following structures are parts of papez circuit A) Entorrhinal cortex and hippocampus B) Mamillary body and amygdala C) Hippocampus and amygdala

A) Entorrhinal cortex and hippocampus

which of the following channels is responsible for ischemic necrosis of neural cells in the brain A) Na pump B) Na/H exchanger C) Na/Ca exchanger

C) Na/Ca exchanger

young female presented with tinnitus. A mass was excised from the cerebellopontine angle which showed Verocay bodies. What is the diagnosis

Schwannoma

by which mechanism does opsin bind to transducin A) Removal of all-trans retinal B) Regeneration of 11-cis Retinal

A) Removal of al-trans retinal

A patient has vertical diplopia when going downstairs and he tilts his head to the opposite side to avoid diplopia. What is the muscle affected A) Lacteral rectus B) Inferior oblique C) Medial rectus D) Superior oblique

D) Superior oblique

which drug is used for chemoprophylaxis against gram negative diplococci

Rifampicin

which structure is important for balance A) Crista ampularis B) Organ of corti

A) Crista ampularis

what is the effect of dopamine on the somatomotor circuit in the basal ganglia A) Inhibit globus pallidus internus and disinhibit the thalamus B) Inhibit the globus pallidus externus and disinhibit the subthalamic nucleus

A) Inhibit globus pallidus internus and disinhibit the thalamus

what will be expected to occur if the connection below the cortex but above the red nucleus is lost

Arms flexed towards the body

A patient with a history of head trauma after a fall presents to the ER. CT scans shows a hemorrhage between the dura and subarachnoid layers. What increases the risk for bleeding in this case A) Brain atrophy B) Amyloid C) Atherosclerosis D) Hypertension

A) Brain atrophy

in which level of the auditory pathway we can differentiate between sounds coming from different directions

Superior olivary nucleus

What is true about multiple sclerosis

Worsening of eye symptoms with increased temperature

a patient had ipsilateral oculomotor nerve damage with contralateral hemiplegia. What is the location of the lesion

Medial midbrain

the order of brain waves from the highest to the lowest frequency

Gamma > beta > alpha > theta > delta

what drug is used to treat a neonate with meningitis due to Hib A) Cefotaxime B) Vancomycin

A) Cefotaxime

what is the driving force of CSF production in the choroid plexus A) Active transport of sodium along the capillary epithelial cells B) Osmotic gradient along the choroidal cells (osmotic gradient of sodium in the choroidal epithelial cells) C) Filtrate of the plasma D) Bulk flow from the brain to the CSF

B) Osmotic gradient along the choroidal cells (osmotic gradient of sodium in the choroidal epithelial cells)

which of the following receives efferent taste fibers carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve A) Nucleus tractus solitarius B) Anterior 2/3 of the tongue C) Motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A) Nucleus tractus solitarius

patient presented with involuntary movements of the limbs and chorea. What is the diagnosis

Huntington disease

A patient suffered from an ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the MCA. He wasn’t able to choose words about what he intended to say. His ability of repeating words was also compromised. Additionally, he had a problem in word comprehension. Which of the following conditions might this patient have? A) Wernicke’s aphasia B) Conductive aphasia C) Broca’s aphasia

A) Wernicke’s aphasia

eason behind large representation of the hand in the cortex

Perform fine motor tasks

what is released in spinocerebellar ataxia? A) Glycine B) Glutamate C) GABA

B) Glutamate