2013 final Flashcards
A lesion in which of the following sites will result in this defect?
A. Optic chiasm
B. Optic nerve
C. Optic tract
D. Calcarine cortex
D. Calcarine cortex
Which of the following characterizes brain wave forms and frequencies?
A. The form of dendritic tree on the cortical neurons
B. Summation of the synchronized activity of cortical neurons
C. Unsynchronized activity of all cortical neurons
B. Summation of the synchronized activity of cortical neurons
Note: This is EXACTLY how the question and choices were phrased in the exam. The answer has been confirmed by Dr. Andreas Henkel.
The figure shows electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG) that were obtained from a 20-year-old healthy female during her sleep. Which stage of sleep do these recordings represent?
A. REM
B. Stage 1
C. Stage 2
D. Stage 3
B. Stage1
Note: This is the exact figure that we got in the exam so I’ll attach the whole figure for you to compare the recordings betweem different stages of sleep.
When EMG doesn’t show muscular atony and EOG doesn’t show rapid eye movements, you can exclude “REM” and your answer depends on what EEG shows.
A 28-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of progressive dull headache aggravated by movements. She also had transient visual field blackouts. Fundoscopy showed a swollen optic disc. MRI brain showed no hydrocephalus or mass lesions or venous sinus thrombosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
B. Migraine with aura
C. Cluster headache
D. Brain tumor
A. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Note: The doctor mentioned this disease during the lecture.
Where is the auditory cortex located?
A. Superior temporal lobe
B. Medial temporal lobe
C. Inferior temporal lobe
A. Superior temporal lobe
Through which part of the crus cerebri of the midbrain does the corticospinal tract pass?
A. Lateral 1/6
B. Middle 2/3
C. Medial 1/6
B. Middle 2/3
What is the target of most efferent fibers from the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?
A. Festigial nucleus
B. Dentatenucleus
C. Emboliformnucleus
D. Vestibular nucleus
D. Vestibular nucleus
Which 2 cranial nerves are involved in the pupillary light reflex?
CN II & CN III
Which of the following opens into the round window?
A. Scala tympani
B. Scala vestibule
A. Scala tympani
Which of the following provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion (Sphincter pupillae)?
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
The axons of which of the following cells form Schaffer collaterals?
A. Granular cells of the cerebral cortex B. Golgi cells of the cerebral cortex C. Pyramidal cells of the hippocampus D. Granular cells of the hippocampus E. Golgi cells of the hippocampus
C. Pyramidal cells of the hippocampus
A defect in which of the following muscles will cause ptosis?
A. Levator palpebrae superioris
B. Orbicularis oculi
A. Levator palpebrae superioris
Which structure is unaffected by blocking the migration of neural crest cells?
A. Facial ganglion B. Trigeminal ganglion C. Medulla of suprarenal gland D. Facial skeleton E. Choroidplexus
E. Choroidplexus
What is the main target of the efferent fibers from caudate nucleus?
A. VA of thalamus
B. Putamen
C. Globuspallidus
D. Premotor and motor areas
A. VA of thalamus
Where do the efferent fibers of putamen project to in the direct circuit of the basal ganglia?
A. Globus pallidus
B. Substania nigra reticulata
C. Subthalamicnucleus
A. Globus pallidus
Choose the most appropriate structure: Its damage will result in retrograde degeneration of the medial zone of the hypothalamus.
A. Stria terminalis B. Fornix C. Medial forebrain bundle D. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus E. Fasciculus retroflexus F. Mamillothalamic tract G. Mamillotegmental tract
F. Mamillothalamic tract
Choose the most appropriate structure: It projects to the parahippocampal gyrus and septal area.
A. Stria terminalis B. Fornix C. Medial forebrain bundle D. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus E. Fasciculus retroflexus F. Mamillothalamic tract G. Mamillotegmental tract
A. Stria terminalis
Choose the most appropriate structure: A lesion in this structure would damage the hypoglossal nerve.
A. Genu of corpus callosum
B. Genu of internal capsule
C. Rostrum of corpus callosum
D. Rostrum of internal capsule
B. Genu of internal capsule
Choose the most appropriate structure: It is related to the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
A. Genu of corpus callosum
B. Genu of internal capsule
C. Rostrum of corpus callosum
D. Rostrum of internal capsule
C. Rostrum of corpus callosum
Which structure allows infections to spread from the nasopharynx to middle ear?
Auditory tube
A defect in which nucleus will result in dilated pupil?
Oculomotor nucleus
What separates thalamus from globus pallidus?
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Which nucleus receives efferent fibers for taste sensation?
Nucleus tractus solitaris (NTS)
A patient was found to have parasagittal meningioma adherent to the falx cerebri. Which of the following manifestations will be found in this patient?
Leg paralysis
Note: Parasagittal meningioma can compress the paracentral lobule.
Which of the following thalamic nuclei projects to prefrontal cortex and is responsible for the emotional function of thalamus (personality and judgment)?
Medial nucleus
What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics?
Block Na channel
What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?
Block Na channel
Which anti-psychotic drug causes severe bone marrow suppression and orthostasis?
Clozapine
Which anti-psychotic drug doesn’t have an antiemetic effect?
Aripirazole
Which drug is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and crosses the BBB?
A. Dopamine
B. Selegiline
C. Domperidone
B. Selegiline
Which drug blocks 5HT1A-receptor?
Buspirone
Which drug inhibits the reuptake of GABA?
Tiagabine
What is the drug of choice for status epilepticus?
Phenytoin
Which drug is an NMDA-receptor antagonist?
Ketamine