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CNS module - 4th year > 2008 module exam > Flashcards

2008 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

a patient had an injury to one side (it was mentioned) of the posterior spinal cord. what symptom might he has?

A
  • loss of vibration sense at the contralateral side
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2
Q

a patient with loss of vibration sense. which artery might be occluded? (not sure if antreior or posterior!)

A
  • posterior spinal artery
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3
Q

a lesion in the beginning of medial side of internal arcuate fibers

a. gracillus nucleus
b. cuneate nucleus

A

a. gracillus nucleus

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4
Q

inferior colliculus projects to

A
  • medial geniculate body
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5
Q

the nucleus responsible for pain & temperature sensation from the face

A
  • spinal nucleus of the 5th cranial nerve
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6
Q

the nucleus that sends motor fibers to the face

A
  • motor nucleus of the 5th cranial nerve
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7
Q

the artery blocked in lateral medullary syndrome

A
  • PICA
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8
Q

the cells that can proliferate in case of nerve injury

  • Schwann cells
  • oligodendrocyte
A
  • Schwann cells
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9
Q

which cortical layers are highly developed in sensory cortex?

A

-2&4

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10
Q

a patient with lower limb paralysis. which artery might be occluded

  • anterior cerebral
  • anterior choroidal
A
  • anterior cerebral (not sure)
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11
Q

which of these might be affected in case of injury to the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Dentothalamic

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12
Q

the dorsal horn develops from

A

alar layer

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13
Q

medulla oblengata develops from?

A

myelencephalon

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14
Q

khalid khan’s Q: about fornix - before the commissure

A

-

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15
Q

if a patient developed decreased ability to hear low frequency sounds, which
structure might be affected?

  • lateral geniculate
  • medial geniculate
  • superior temporal gyrus
  • middle temporal gyrus
  • inferior temporal gyrus
A

?

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16
Q

which of these is nourished by aqueoshumerus?

A
  • cornea
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17
Q

damage to this may cause hyperacusis

A
  • facial nerve
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18
Q

satiety centre in hypothalamus

A
  • ventromedial nucleus
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19
Q

crossing of tectospinal tract

A

midbrain

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20
Q

structure where pineal body is found in:

A

epithalamus

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21
Q

a structure that forms lateral lemniscus

A

cochlear nucleus

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22
Q

lesion at inferior colliculus level affects

A

trochlear nerve

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23
Q

a mixed cranial nerve

A

CN7

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24
Q

Nerve supply to pterygoid muscle

A

5th CN

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25
Q

Medial side of pons is supplied by

A

Paramedian artery

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26
Q

Posterior side of midbrain is supplied by

A

Superior cerebellar

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27
Q

Weber’s syndrome involves

A

Midbrain

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28
Q

A lesion lateral in the brainstem affects which of the following tracts?

a. Descending sympathetic
b. Corticospinal
c. Medial lemniscus

A

a. Descending sympathetic

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29
Q

Injury to this vessel may lead to 3rd nerve palsy

A

Posterior communicating artery

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30
Q

Large defect of perfusion of right parietal, frontal, and temporal areas

A

Right MCA

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31
Q

Receives mamillothalamic tract

A

Anterior thalamic nuclei

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32
Q

Receives spinothalamic & dorsal lemniscus

A

VPL nucleus

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33
Q

A pathway entering the cerebellum through SCP?

A

Dentothalamic

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34
Q

Fibers from basal ganglia to the thalamus

A

Ansa reticularis

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35
Q

the most important function of the dynamic (deep muscle refelx?)

  • correct for stumble
  • (coordinates?) movement of one joint
A

?

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36
Q

which of these a bilateral somatic reflex?

  • withdrwal refelx
  • swallowing
A

withdrwal refelx (not sure)

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37
Q

someone with an injury to an association cortex. he cannot (recognize?? what is in the left feild)

A

hemineglect

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38
Q

During stance phase of walking cycle, which system is the most important?

  • medullary reticulospinal
  • lateral vestibulospinal
  • corticospinal
  • spinothalamic
  • rubrospinal
A
  • lateral vestibulospinal
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39
Q

a patient with resting tremor, rigidity, and (ataxia??). which pathway might be
affected?

A

thalamocortical

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40
Q

mechanism of learning in the cerebellum / motor skill learning is done by which
mechanism?

  • long term potentiation
  • long term deppression
A

?

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41
Q

(…………………………………………)- about what happens in cerebellar nuclei

A

-change activation into inhibition (not sure)

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42
Q

fastest brain wave

A
  • gamma
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43
Q

the brain wave that prevails in slow wave sleep

  • delta
  • theta
A

-delta (not sure)

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44
Q

which of the following characterizes slow wave sleep?

A

activation of VLPO

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45
Q

mechanism of neuron death in epilepsy

  • excitotoxicity of neurons
  • over activity of neurons
  • over activity of dendrite
A

?

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46
Q

arousal is a result of?

A

inhibition of the reticular nucleus ((not sure it was written like this))

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47
Q

receives reticular formation

A

intralaminar nucleus

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48
Q

a question about the neurotransmitter that stabilizes wakefulness

A

-

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49
Q

feeding is controled by

  • leptin
  • activation of NYP
A
  • leptin
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50
Q

in conduction hearing loss, there is a problem in

A

sound amplification

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51
Q

the neurotransmitter most repidly degraded

  • glutamate
  • acetycholine
A

?

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52
Q

where in visual pathway do the 2 images fuse?

A

primary visual cortex

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53
Q

function of dynamic fibers in stretch reflex

a. makes movements more accurate
b. compensates for unexpected obstacles during movement

A

b. compensates for unexpected obstacles during movement

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54
Q

a person first looked at something he liked then he tried to memorize that by
rehearsal- which of these is active?

a. Occipital cortex
b. Supplementary motor area

A

?

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55
Q

The principle energy consuming process in the brain

A

Maintaining ionic gradient

56
Q

The main excitotoxic neurotransmitter in the brain

A

Glutamate

57
Q

Effect of hyperventilation on the brain

A

Decrease CBF

58
Q

Concept of penumbra

A

-

59
Q

Conductive aphasia results from

A

Ischemia to inferior parietal lobe

60
Q

Dopamine effect on movement

A

Inhibits indirect pathway + disinhibit direct pathway

61
Q

Selective destruction of subthalamic nucleus

A

Hemi ballismus (not sure- maybe there were better options)

62
Q

A structure concerned with posture & eye movement?

A

Flocculonoddular lobe of cerebellum

63
Q

Effect of Mossy & climbing fibers

A

Excitatory

64
Q

A pathway affected in Parkinson’s disease

a. Nigro-striatal
b. Striato-nigral

A

a. Nigro-striatal

65
Q

The role of cerebellum in coordinating movement is done through which
mechanism?

a. Feed forward
b. Damping

A

a. Feed forward

66
Q

Signals leaving cerebellum

a. Are of increasing activity & then decreasing effect on DCN
b. Are of decreasing activity & then increasing effect on DCN

A

a. Are of increasing activity & then decreasing effect on DCN

67
Q

fuel of neurons in case of ischemia

A

ketone body

68
Q

oxidative stress in ischemia results from

A

failure of the antioxidant system

69
Q

a disease related to trinucleotide repeat that results in polyglutamine tract

A

spinobulbar ataxia (not sure it was written this way)

70
Q

a question about amyloid and Alzheimer’s

A

-

71
Q

question about prion disease

A

-

72
Q

one of the most common cause of mental retardation due to CGG trinucleotide
repeats causing loss of function

A

fragile X syndrome

73
Q

which of these is recommended to prevent early neonatal bacterial meningitis

A

?

74
Q

the prophylactic given to non pregnant contact for a patient w/ meningococcal meningitis

A

rifampicin

75
Q

given to eradication of nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococcal meningitis

A

sulfadiazine

76
Q

what drug will you give to an elderly with meningococcal meningitis who is about to
(………..) to the ward

A

?

77
Q

AIDS patient with JC virus

A

PML

78
Q

which disease results in demyelination of dorsal & lateral columns?

A

V B 12 deficiency

79
Q

a patient with vitamin deficincy that results in nerve hypomethylation.

A

subacute combined………(, it’s in the learning topic elly m7ad dresah week 8.)

80
Q

an elderly patient with hemiplegia duo to thrombus. small infarctions in his brains.
what might be the cause?
elderly w/right parietal infarct, thrombo-embolism in peripheral cerebral n.?

a. mural thrombus in the heart
b. HTN w/chronic liver failure
c. Rheumatic CVD w/left atrial mural thrombus

A

?

81
Q

a lady with sudden onset of loss of consciosness. CNS analysis showed blood in CSF

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

82
Q

a lady who fall on her left side of head –> loss of consciousness. had left parietal bleeding. then she became unconscious again and died. what is the pathology?

A

extradural hematoma

83
Q

vaculation

A

prion disease

84
Q

plasma cells around arterioles indicate

A

syphilis

85
Q

alcoholic man suffered from spinal cord (??) demyelination?

A

Central pontine syndrome

86
Q

.premature neonate with calcification, periventricular edema ,easonophilicintranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions

A

CMV infection

87
Q

increased CSF to plasma glycine?

A

cytochrome c deficiency b.pyruvate DH defi c. Glycine encephalopathy

88
Q

the most presumptive CSF finding for meningitis

A

increased pus cells

89
Q

CSF lactate = 7. This indicates

A

bacterial meningitis

90
Q

The most important risk factor for ICH?

A

HTN

91
Q

Atrial fibrillation in relation to stroke?

A

Embolic stroke

92
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Rupture of bridging veins

93
Q

Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in SN (substantia nigra)

A

Parkinson’s

94
Q

demyelinating neuropathies?

a. Ms. Weaknes n’ hyporeflexia
b. Increased ms. Tone due to spasticity
c. Clonus

A

?

95
Q
  1. character of essential tremor?
    a. Autosomal recessive
    b. asymmetric
    c. happens when maintaining posture
A

c. happens when maintaining posture (not sure)

96
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

muscle fatigability after repetitive exercise

97
Q

a patients w/ poliomyelitis. What would be a sign of this?

A

(sign of LMNL)

98
Q

a disease characterized by resting tremor

A

Parkinson’s

99
Q

a girl with sudden coordinated contractions (not sure about both the Q and choices :D)

  • Tics
  • juvenile epilepsy
A

?

100
Q

a patients who cannot stand with his feet together

A

cerebellar ataxia

101
Q

alcoholic cerebellar degeneration mostly affects

A

vermis

102
Q

a patient presented with seizure. has a history of childhood seizures caused
by fever. (they gave a picture). Which lobe is affected?

A

temporal

103
Q

in the pt in the previous Q, what is most likely the type of seizure he is
suffering from?

A

complex partial

104
Q

a girl with …….Flickering………….. what is the type of
seizure?

A

absence (not sure)

105
Q

CSF pressure normally is

A

8-18

106
Q

A headache that lasts 15-180 min

A

cluster

107
Q

A feature of LMN injuries

A

Flaccidity

108
Q

Horizontal diplopia

A

6th CN palsy

109
Q

Right MLF lesion

A

Failure to adduct right eye

110
Q

Injury to right 12th CN

A

Tongue deviation to the right

111
Q

A young female with relapsing (some neurologic deficits)- MRI shows some circular enhancing lesions

A

Multiple sclerosis

112
Q

The main differentiating factor between TIA & stroke

A

Duration of neurological deficit

113
Q

Immediate sign of UMNL

A

Clonus

114
Q

Feature of UMNL

A

Absent abdominal reflexes

115
Q

A patient with wernicke’s aphasia, what else might be noticed?

  • babinski sign
  • contralateral hemianopsia
A

?

116
Q

drug used for partial seizures & induces liver enzymes

A

carbamazepine

117
Q

the drug used to treat Lennox Gastant syndrome

A

Felbamate

118
Q

a drug that is used to treat sleep onset insomnia (there were more details)

A

Zolpidim

119
Q

MoA of BZDs|

A

potentiation of GABA chloride pore

120
Q

a drug that acts as 5-HT A agonist

A

buspirone

121
Q

an inhaled general anesthetic that decreases ICP and eliminated by
redistribution

  • katamine
  • thiopental
A

?

122
Q

the antidote for midazol

A

flumazenil

123
Q

what is the mechanism by which revastigine treats dementia?

A

antocholinesterase

124
Q

which type of nerve fibers is first blocked by local anesthesia?

A

A delta

125
Q

opoid analgesic that causes tachcardia due to inherent vagolytic effect

A

that Q got me confused bs chenna he mentioned it during the lecture, it wasn’t
written but he said it

126
Q

(a Q from pain-I lecture) - it was EMQ with -something about secondary
sensory neurons

A

-

127
Q

the receptor that once activated can also produce PG-I & PG E

A

bradykinin B2 receptor

128
Q

(it was a long scenario- what i remember is: CT showed area of hypointensity (dark)

A

infarction

129
Q

CT hyperdensity in cellar cystern

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

130
Q

which of the followings characterizes an “abnormal behavior”

A

deviates from social norms, deviates from statistical normsk maladaptive, results in distress

131
Q

which of these has the (worst impact on a country)

  • blindness of 10 year old healthy child
  • blindness of (25?) year old (nonhealthy - i dont remember the disease exactly)
A

?

132
Q

some people die bcz of stroke before being diagnosed. this will result in apparent

a. Mortality Decrease
b. Prevalence incease
c. Incidence dec. But prevalence inc.C.prevalence n’ mortality inc

A

less mortality

133
Q

EBM: calculation of (1-NPV). (specificity- sensitivity- pretest propability were given)

A

-

134
Q

EBM: to increase (senstitvity/ specificity) you have to decrease false negatives/ false positives

A

-

135
Q

EBM: to rule in a disease, you need a higher:

A

PPV

CNS module - 4th year (17 decks)

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