19A.3 Flashcards
what is addition-elimination reaction
when tow molecules join together, followed by the loss of a small molecule (in our case usually HCl)
what is an amide
it is a functional group made from a carbonyl group next to a NH group
addition-elimination reactions are also called
condensation reactions
what is the reaction between phenylamine and acyl chloride
CH3COCl + C6H5NH2 —-> CH3CONHC6H5 + HCl
what is the reaction between acyl chlorides and primary aliphatic amines
page 242
how do we name amide
the first thing is the alkyl group from the amine then the second indicated the number of carbons attached to the original acyl chloride, and we end it with amide, and N at the beginning is used as a locant for example: N - methylbutaneamide
what is paracetamol, and its structure
one of the most common pharmaceuticals used to relive of fever and pain and it made by a sequence of reactions one of which is a addition-elimination reaction (and it is an amide). structure - page 242 (make sure to remember that the OH and NH go on opposite side)
why do halogenoalkanes react with amines
because halogenoalkanes have a electron-deficient carbon atom and the amine contains an electron rich nitrogen atom.
what is the general reaction between halogenoalkanes and amines and name the products and type of reaction
R’NH2 + R”X —-> R’NHR” + HX, hydrogen halide, and secondary amine (substitution but I’m not sure)
what further happens after the reaction between halogenoalkanes and amines
the organic product of primary amine would contain a electron rich nitrogen atom so it would further react with the halogenoalkane forming a tertiary amine, then the tertiary amine and HCl, still has a nitrogen with a lone pair of electrons so it would further react with the halogenoalkane to form a product known as quaternary ammonium salt
what is quaternary ammonium salt
it is an ionic compound related to ammonium chloride, except all of the in the ammonium ion have been replaced by alkyl groups
how can we increase likeliness of the product quaternary ammonium salt
by adding excess halogenoalkane to the primary amine
what are quaternary ammonium salts used for
they have many uses, usually found in fabric softens
what is the reaction, reaction type, colour change in the reaction between hexaaquacopper(II) ions and butylamine
reaction:
[Cu(H2O)]^+2 + 2CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 ——-> [Cu(H2O)4(OH^-)] + 2CH3CH2CH2CHNH3^+
reaction type: deprotonation
colour change: pale blue precipitate observed
(note idk if it works for all the primary aliphatic amines)
what is the reaction, reaction type, colour change in the reaction between [Cu(H2O)4(OH^-)] and EXCESS butylamine
reaction:
[Cu(H2O)4(OH^-)] + 4CH3CH2CH2CH3NH2 —–>[Cu(H2O)2(CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2)4]^+2 + 2H20 + 2OH^-1
reaction type: ligand exchange.
colour change: the pale blue precipitate would dissolve to form a deep blue solution.
what is the reaction, reaction type, colour change in the reaction between hexaaquacopper(II) ions and phenylamine
[Cu(H2O)6}^+2 + 4C6H5NH2 —–> [CU(H2O)2(C6H5NH2)4] + 2H2O
Reaction type: ligand exchange
colour chnage not sure
why do amines go through ligand reactions like ammonia
because ammines have a lone pair of electrons on their nitrogen atom
what is nitrous acid
HNO2
What are the prosperities of nitrous acid
it is an unstable compound, only exists in aq solutions and decomposes at room temperature.
all reactions of nitrous acid need to be carried out under .. and why
under very controlled conditions because it can decompose at room temp and its very unstable
how do we prepare nitrous acid and the equation of the reaction
it is prepared in situ by mixing ice-cold solutions of sodium nitrate and dilute HCl
equation : NaNO2(aq) +HCl(aq) —–> HNO2(aq) + NaCl(aq)
how do we prepare benzendiazonium ion
by adding phenylamine into a reaction mixture of ice cold sodium nitrate and ice cold HCl while keeping the reaction vessel in ice water to make sure the reaction is carried out in 5c or lower
what is the reaction equation of preparation of benzendiazonium from phenyl at temp lower than 5 c
page 244
how does a diazonium ion look like
page 244
what happens if the preparation of benzendiazonium ion from the reaction mixture of ice-cold NaNO2 and HCl (3ani with HNO2) is carried at a temp higher than 5c
phenol and nitrogen gas would form - reaction page 244
Diazonium ions can
act as strong electrophiles since they carry a positive charge
what is a coupling reaction
a reaction in which two organic molecules or ions join together to form onenew molecule
how do we prepare azobenzene using benzendiazonium and Phenol
by reacting benzendiazonium with an alkaline solution of phenol then acidifying it with HCl acid. (in cold solutions)
what is azobenzene
a energetically stable , yellow azo dye
how is azobenzene stable
form the extensive delocalization of electrons via the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond
what is a conjugated system
where double and single bonds alternate, allowing the electrons in the p-orbital to overlap and form a delocalized electron cloud
when extensive conjugation occurs
absorption of light takes place, so the compound is coloured and that’s what happens with Azobenzene and many other azo dye such as Methyl orange
what are azo dyes
dyes that can be made from aromatic amines and other arenes they are very stable and don’t fade
azobenzene and all aromatic compounds have a
conjugated systems
