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chemistry A > 19A.3 > Flashcards

19A.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is addition-elimination reaction

A

when tow molecules join together, followed by the loss of a small molecule (in our case usually HCl)

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2
Q

what is an amide

A

it is a functional group made from a carbonyl group next to a NH group

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3
Q

addition-elimination reactions are also called

A

condensation reactions

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4
Q

what is the reaction between phenylamine and acyl chloride

A

CH3COCl + C6H5NH2 —-> CH3CONHC6H5 + HCl

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5
Q

what is the reaction between acyl chlorides and primary aliphatic amines

A

page 242

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6
Q

how do we name amide

A

the first thing is the alkyl group from the amine then the second indicated the number of carbons attached to the original acyl chloride, and we end it with amide, and N at the beginning is used as a locant for example: N - methylbutaneamide

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7
Q

what is paracetamol, and its structure

A

one of the most common pharmaceuticals used to relive of fever and pain and it made by a sequence of reactions one of which is a addition-elimination reaction (and it is an amide). structure - page 242 (make sure to remember that the OH and NH go on opposite side)

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8
Q

why do halogenoalkanes react with amines

A

because halogenoalkanes have a electron-deficient carbon atom and the amine contains an electron rich nitrogen atom.

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9
Q

what is the general reaction between halogenoalkanes and amines and name the products and type of reaction

A

R’NH2 + R”X —-> R’NHR” + HX, hydrogen halide, and secondary amine (substitution but I’m not sure)

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10
Q

what further happens after the reaction between halogenoalkanes and amines

A

the organic product of primary amine would contain a electron rich nitrogen atom so it would further react with the halogenoalkane forming a tertiary amine, then the tertiary amine and HCl, still has a nitrogen with a lone pair of electrons so it would further react with the halogenoalkane to form a product known as quaternary ammonium salt

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11
Q

what is quaternary ammonium salt

A

it is an ionic compound related to ammonium chloride, except all of the in the ammonium ion have been replaced by alkyl groups

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12
Q

how can we increase likeliness of the product quaternary ammonium salt

A

by adding excess halogenoalkane to the primary amine

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13
Q

what are quaternary ammonium salts used for

A

they have many uses, usually found in fabric softens

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14
Q

what is the reaction, reaction type, colour change in the reaction between hexaaquacopper(II) ions and butylamine

A

reaction:
[Cu(H2O)]^+2 + 2CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 ——-> [Cu(H2O)4(OH^-)] + 2CH3CH2CH2CHNH3^+

reaction type: deprotonation

colour change: pale blue precipitate observed
(note idk if it works for all the primary aliphatic amines)

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15
Q

what is the reaction, reaction type, colour change in the reaction between [Cu(H2O)4(OH^-)] and EXCESS butylamine

A

reaction:
[Cu(H2O)4(OH^-)] + 4CH3CH2CH2CH3NH2 —–>[Cu(H2O)2(CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2)4]^+2 + 2H20 + 2OH^-1

reaction type: ligand exchange.

colour change: the pale blue precipitate would dissolve to form a deep blue solution.

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16
Q

what is the reaction, reaction type, colour change in the reaction between hexaaquacopper(II) ions and phenylamine

A

[Cu(H2O)6}^+2 + 4C6H5NH2 —–> [CU(H2O)2(C6H5NH2)4] + 2H2O

Reaction type: ligand exchange

colour chnage not sure

17
Q

why do amines go through ligand reactions like ammonia

A

because ammines have a lone pair of electrons on their nitrogen atom

18
Q

what is nitrous acid

A

HNO2

19
Q

What are the prosperities of nitrous acid

A

it is an unstable compound, only exists in aq solutions and decomposes at room temperature.

20
Q

all reactions of nitrous acid need to be carried out under .. and why

A

under very controlled conditions because it can decompose at room temp and its very unstable

21
Q

how do we prepare nitrous acid and the equation of the reaction

A

it is prepared in situ by mixing ice-cold solutions of sodium nitrate and dilute HCl

equation : NaNO2(aq) +HCl(aq) —–> HNO2(aq) + NaCl(aq)

22
Q

how do we prepare benzendiazonium ion

A

by adding phenylamine into a reaction mixture of ice cold sodium nitrate and ice cold HCl while keeping the reaction vessel in ice water to make sure the reaction is carried out in 5c or lower

23
Q

what is the reaction equation of preparation of benzendiazonium from phenyl at temp lower than 5 c

A

page 244

24
Q

how does a diazonium ion look like

A

page 244

25
Q

what happens if the preparation of benzendiazonium ion from the reaction mixture of ice-cold NaNO2 and HCl (3ani with HNO2) is carried at a temp higher than 5c

A

phenol and nitrogen gas would form - reaction page 244

26
Q

Diazonium ions can

A

act as strong electrophiles since they carry a positive charge

27
Q

what is a coupling reaction

A

a reaction in which two organic molecules or ions join together to form onenew molecule

28
Q

how do we prepare azobenzene using benzendiazonium and Phenol

A

by reacting benzendiazonium with an alkaline solution of phenol then acidifying it with HCl acid. (in cold solutions)

29
Q

what is azobenzene

A

a energetically stable , yellow azo dye

30
Q

how is azobenzene stable

A

form the extensive delocalization of electrons via the nitrogen-nitrogen double bond

31
Q

what is a conjugated system

A

where double and single bonds alternate, allowing the electrons in the p-orbital to overlap and form a delocalized electron cloud

32
Q

when extensive conjugation occurs

A

absorption of light takes place, so the compound is coloured and that’s what happens with Azobenzene and many other azo dye such as Methyl orange

33
Q

what are azo dyes

A

dyes that can be made from aromatic amines and other arenes they are very stable and don’t fade

34
Q

azobenzene and all aromatic compounds have a

A

conjugated systems

chemistry A (77 decks)

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