17A.3

Question 1

what are the 3 concepts that give transition metal their colour

Answer 1

1. the Em spectrum and the colour wheel
2. the connection between colour, energy and wavelength
   3, the electronic configurations of transition metals

Question 2

what is the Em spectrum

Answer 2

the range of wavelength and frequencies of all types of radiation

Question 3

what are complementary colours

Answer 3

colours opposite to each other on the colour wheel

Question 4

what are the 7 main colours in the Em spectrum

Answer 4

Red, Orange, yellow, Green , Blue, Indigo, Violet (note they are arranged like that on the colourwheel from left to right)

Question 5

if white light is shown on a solution of a complex what will happen

Answer 5

some of the wavelengths of the light are absorbed by the complex, with the light immerging contains proportionality more of the complementary colour, so if a complex absorbs yellow colour then violet would immerge

Question 6

why do complexes from colour within aq solutions

Answer 6

with transition metal ions that have a incompletely filled D orbital, when the ligands are attached to the transition metal ion the energy level within the d orbital will split into two with slight different energies, with the last 2 sub orbitals having more energy, so when visible light is shown on them electrons from the lower energy level will absorb the light and become exited or it will be promoted to join the electrons in the higher energy sub orbitals, the amount of energy absorbed will be equal to the difference between then energy level, so if the energy difference is small the radiation absorbed will be around the red end of the Em spectrum meaning blue or green light can shine (complementary colour)

Question 7

why do some Complexes not form colour

Answer 7

because they either have a full D shell or its completely empty

Question 8

what is promotion/excitation

Answer 8

when and electron moves to from a lower energy level to a higher energy level

Question 9

the energy absorbed by an electron in a complex is proportional to

Answer 9

frequency, so energy gained increases as the frequency increases)

Question 10

the energy absorbed by an electron in a complex is inversely proportional to

Answer 10

the wavelength, so energy gained decreases as the wavelength increases

Question 11

a change in a ligand in a complex with the same Transition metal can cause

Answer 11

a change in the gap between the d sub orbitals