12A.1 Flashcards
what are examples of reaction that don’t occur on there own and need help form us
(any reaction that from and equilibrium)
1. ethanoic acid dissociates in water
2. the dimerization of nitrogen dioxide in the gas phase
3. ammonium decomposing to ammonia and HCl
4. MgO breaking up to from Mg and O ( requires continuous heating)
when the products have less energy than the reactant we say the products are
more energetically stable
is it true that the reason for exothermic reaction to occur because the products are more energetically stable (has less energy) that its reactants
no not true, since many endothermic reactions occur in room temperature (and there product is less energetically stable than its reactants)
what is the spontaneous process
it is a process that take place without continuous intervention by us
the reverse of a spontaneous reaction will never happen…
on its own
what is the second law of thermodynamics
entropy
what is entropy
it is a property of matter that is associated with a degree of disorder, or randomness of the particles, and also the distribution between the quanta of energy between the particles
the number of possible arrangements of a particle can be written as
W1
What is the equation to find the number of possible arrangements
W: W1 x W2 x W3…..
Entropy is leaked with W (the number of possible arrangements) by?
S= K x ln(w)with k being the Boltzmann constant
what is the Boltzmann constant
1.38 x 10^-23 J/k
What phase is entropy greatest at
gas > liquid > solid
the spreading out of heat energy represents
an increase in entropy
the spreading out of molecules in diffusion represents
an increase in entropy
the more quanta there is
the more ways of arranging it between molecules
