19A.1 Flashcards
what bond shape does amine do
trigonal pyramidal shape
how many pair of electrons is in an amine and how many are paired and lone
3 paired pairs , and one lone pair (all from nitrogen)
if there is one alkyl group attached in the amine it will be considered as
primary amine
if there is two alkyl group attached in the amine it will be considered as
secondary amine
if there is three alkyl group attached in the amine it will be considered as
tertiary amine
what is an amine
nitrogen-containing compounds that have some similarities with ammonia
what is the state of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, and butylamine at room temp
methyl is gas, ethylamine is gas with BP at 17c, and Propylamine and Butylamine are volatile liquids
amines occur in
drugs, nature, and compounds called amphetamines
what is the structural, displayed, and skeletal formula of amines
page 238
how do you prepare aliphatic amines from halogenoalkane
by heating a halogenoalkane with ammonia, and since ammonia is a gas it will be done under pressure in a sealed container, alternatively it could be made by mixing the halogenoalkane with concentrated aq ammonia.
what is the equation and type of reaction for the preparation of amines from halogenoalkanes
CH3Cl + NH3 —-> CH3NH2 +HCl this reaction is a nucleophilic attack by lone pairs of electrons of ammonia on the electron deficient carbon atom in the halogenoalkane
how can a secondary amine form from the preparation of amines from halogenoalkanes
after a primary amine is formed from the nucleophilic reaction between ammonia and the halogenoalkane we notice that the nitrogen in the primary amine has a lone pair of electrons, so it would act as a nucleophile, competing with ammonia to react with the halogenoalkane forming a secondary amine.
what is the equation for the formation of the secondary amine
CH2Cl + CH3NH2 —> (CH3)2NH + HCl
how do we prevent unwanted side reactions ( formation of secondary amines) in the preparation of amine by halogenoalkane
by using ammonia in excess so that it outnumber the molecules of primary amines formed
what is a batter way to represent the equation for the preparation of amine by halogenoalkane when we add ammonia in excess and why
CH3Cl + 2NH3 —> CH3NH2 + NH3Cl sine the excess ammonia would react with the acidic hydrogen chloride.
how can we prepare aliphatic amines from nitriles
by reducing a nitrile using lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (LiAlH4) mixed in dry ether
what is the the equation for the equation for the reduction of a nitrile to a amine
RCN + 4[H] —-> RCH2NH2
why do we use dry ether for the reduction of nitriles into amines
to ensure no water effects the reaction
how can we prepare Aromatic amines such as phenylamine
by reducing nitrobenzene.
what is the reducing agent and how is the reduction of nitrobenzene to phenylamine take place
so the reducing agent is tin mixed with concentrated hydrochloric and is then heated under reflux with nitrobenzene, the reduction is achieved partly form the oxidation of tin to tin(II) ions and tin to tin(IV) ions and partly from the hydrogen produced from the reaction between tin and the acid.
what is the equation for the reduction of nitrobenzene to form a amine
C6H5NO2 + 6[H] —-> C6H5NH2 + H2O
what will happen to phenylamine once its formed form the reduction of nitrobenzene and why
it will react with the acid and form a phenylammonium ion since it is basic
how can we convert phenylammonium ion to phenylamine + equation)
by just adding an alkali ( C6H5NH3^+1 + OH^- ——> C6H5NH2 + H2O
what is phenylamine used for
- manufacture of polymers
- manufacture of pharmaceuticals
- dyes used mainly for clothing (synthetic indigo blue colour in denim jeans)
when naming nitriles what do we with the carbon number
so the code at the beginning (propane, butane) will be from all the carbons including the one attached to the nitrogen
