15B.3

Question 1

The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN is carried out in

Answer 1

alkaline solution of KCN

Question 2

how do we name the product of reactions between carbonyls and HCN

Answer 2

so the OH is now hydroxy and the CN is now nitrile

Question 3

what is the mechanism for the reaction between carbonyl and HCN

Answer 3

page 119

Question 4

what is a nucleophilic substitution

Answer 4

a type of mechanism in which a molecule with two atoms or groups is added across a polar bond (usually C=O) and the attacking species in the first step is a nucleophile

Question 5

is there optical activity in C=O reaction with HCN

Answer 5

no

Question 6

why is there no optical activity in C=O reaction with HCN

Answer 6

because 2 atoms or groups attached to C=O will form a planar, so there are equal chance of the CN nucleophile to attack from each side, which means there is an equal amounts of dextrorotatory and laevorotatory forming a racemic solution with no optical activity

Question 7

what is a positive test for carbonyl groups

Answer 7

adding Brady’s regent and bright orange solid forms

Question 8

what is the reaction between Brady’s regent and a carbonyl group

Answer 8

120

Question 9

how does Brady’s regent looks

Answer 9

page 120

Question 10

what is the abbreviated of Brady’s regent

Answer 10

2,4-DNPH

Question 11

What are derivatives

Answer 11

compounds made from other compounds, especially when the properties (like melting point0 can be used to identify the original compound

Question 12

what do derivatives end with

Answer 12

one

Question 13

how can we use derivatives to find out the original carbonyl compound

Answer 13

so you filter, purify , and dry the derivative then measure its melting point then compare the values with the book vaule and see if there is a match