14A.1 Flashcards
what is a proton donor
a acid because it can donate a proton (H^+)
what is a proton acceptor
a base because it can accept a proton (H^+)
do all substances containing hydrogen act like an acid
no, only ones in which the H as a slight positive charge for ex HI
in order for a base to accept a proton it needs
to contain a lone pair of electrons so it can form a dative bond with the hydrogen atom
what atom is needed in the base to form a dative bond
a non metal atom like O
what is a conjugated acid-base pair
either a base and its conjugate acid or acid and its conjugate base
what is the conjugate base of HCl
Cl^-
the stronger the acid…
the stronger the chance a base will accept a proton
conjugate base
when an acid donates a proton, the species formed is the conjugate base of the acid
what is a monoprotic/monobasic acid
an acid that can only donate one proton
what is a diprotic/dibasic acid
and acid that can donate two protond
what is a diprotic/dibasic base
a base that can accept more than one proton ( 2 max) like carbonate
how does the equilibrium that forms with water and ammonia help us to understand the test with ammonia
if you add OH ions to ammonium the OH ions will act as a base and get a proton from ammonium forming more ammonia gas (as the equilibrium is shifted to the left) then we can test for damp red litmus paper
what is an amphoteric substnace
a substance that can act as both an acid and as a base
what does the lewis theory states (not imp)
an acid is an electron pair acceptor and a base is an electron pair donor
what is the most common method to nitrate benzene
by using a “nitrating mixture” of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid
in a reaction between two acids which one acts like an acid
the stronger acid
conjugate acid
when a base accepts a proton, the species formed is the conjugate acid of the base
when are acid molecules said to be dissociated
acid molecules are said to be dissociated when they have split to form ions
a strong acid is one
that is said to be completely dissociated in an Aq solution
what is partially dissociated
when only a small fraction of the acid molecules have dissociated (weak acid)
