15B.2 Flashcards
what is more easily oxidized ketones of aldehydes?
aldehydes
what are aldehydes oxidized to
carboxylic acid
what are aldehydes reduced to
primary alcohols
what are ketones reduced to
secondary alcohol
what are ketones oxidized to
they are not easily oxidized
what is the regent that ketones and aldehydes are reduced in
lithium aluminum hydride LiAlH4
in reduction reactions how is the reducing agent written
[H]
what are reduction reactions for
to show the conversion of ketones and aldehydes to alcohols
how does a reduction reaction look like
page 117
what are oxidation reaction included for
to distinguish between aldehydes and kertones
what are the four reagents that can oxidise aldehydes to carboxylic acids and there colour changes
page 117
how can we carry out the oxidation reactions
by mixing carbonyl groups with oxidizing agents and then leaving the mixture in a beaker of hot water
what are the safety protection that we need to take when carrying out oxidation reactions
wear eye protection, avoid skin contact, and only heat the water with an electric kettle and not with a flame
how does a oxidation reaction look like
page 118
how can we test if a mixture contains a ketone or a aldehyde
by adding Fehling’s solution, or benedict solution, or tollens’ reagent and seeing if there is a colour change, if there is one then its a aldehyde
what is the triiodomethane or iodoform reaction
a reaction where a carbonyl compound with the group of CH3O is added to an alkaline solution of iodine and the mixture is then warmed and cooled and a pale yellow precipitate (CHI3) forms
what carbonyl compounds have a positive result for the triiodomethane reaction
ones with group of CH3O like only on aldehyde - ethanal, and all the methyl ketones (those with a carbonyl group as the second carbon in the chain)
why do some alcohols have a positive result for the iodoform or triiodomethane test
because it is carried in oxidizing conditions so an secondary alcohol with terminal methyl group can be oxidized to form a ketone then react to form a pale precipitate (CHI3)
