16 The Heart Flashcards
On average, how often does the heart beat per minute? per day?
75/min
108,000/day
What is the average cardiac output?
5.25 L/minute
What chambers of the heart are involved in the pulmonary circuit?
Right atrium and ventricle
What heart chambers are involved in the systemic circuit?
Left atrium and ventricle
What chamber receives de-oxygenated blood from systemic circuit?
Right atrium
What heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circuit?
Left atrium
What area of the heart is the ‘base’?
the posterior and superior surface of the heart
What area of the heart is the ‘apex’?
the anterior and inferior portion, the ‘point’, which points toward left hip.
What is the pericardium?
Triple layer sack which encloses the heart.
What are the layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium
What is the pericardial cavity and what fills that space?
it is the space between the parietal and visceral pericardium. Filled with lubricating serous fluid.
What are the functions of the pericardium?
prevents undesired movement of heart
Prevents overfilling of heart
Reduces friction
What are the layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What is another name by which the heart’s epicardium is named?
visceral pericardium
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
A region of connective tissue between ventricles and atrium
What is the purpose of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Anchors heart valves
Provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
Provides framework for attachment of heart muscles.
What is the structural precursor of the fossa ovalis?
Foramen ovale which allowed blood to bypass pulmonary circuit during fetal period
What is systole?
contraction of a heart chamber
What is diastole?
Relaxation of a heart chamber
What is the conducting system of the heart? What is the order of impule travel?
- Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- Atrioventricular node (AV node)
- Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle) or Bundle of His
- Right and Left bundle branches
- Purkinje Fibers
What are the divisions of the coronary plexus?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
What nerves provide sympathetic innervation to the heart and what function does sympathetic innervation perform?
T1-T5, increasing the rate and force of heart contraction
What nerves cause parasympathetic innervation and what is their function?
Medulla oblongate and vagus nerve X. Decrease the rat and force of heart contraction.
What are the symptoms of congestive heart failure?
enlarged heart, progressive decrease in pumping efficiency, pulmonary edema.
What is a myocardial infarction and what is its other name? What does it cause?
a blockage of coronary arteries by blood clot or plaque. Commonly called heart attack. Causes death of heart muscle.
