15 Blood Flashcards
What are the components of blood? Relative proportions?
55% plasma, 45 % formed elements: 1% buffy coat, made of leukocytes and thrombocytes, 45% erythrocytes
What is EPO and what does it do?
erythropoietin, a hormone which increases erythrocyte production
What makes up blood plasma?
water, proteins, and solutes.
What proteins are present in plasma and what is their volume proportion?
albumins, globulins, and Fibrinogen, regulatory proteins (enzymes and hormones)
7% by volume
What is albumin?
Protein which regulates osmosis between blood and interstitial fluids; facilitates transport of proteins and lipids
What do globulins do?
binds, supports, and protects water insoluble hormones and ions. Anti-bodies are a type of globulin.
What is fibrinogen?
Protein involved in blood clot formation
What is rouleau?
When erythrocytes line up in single file to go through capillaries.
What is the erythrocyte life cycle?
red bone marrow, blood stream circulation, liver and spleen, components recycle, components transported to red bone marrow.
What antigens and anti-bodies does type A blood have?
Type A surface antigens and anti-type B antibodies
What about type B blood?
Surface antigen type B, anti-type A antibodies
What about type O blood?
Neither type A or B surface antigens, antibodies against both type A and type B.
What is polycythemia?
Too many red blood cells. Therapeutic blood donations
What is diapedesis?
When leukocytes leave blood stream and enter tissues, squeezing between endothelial cells
What is chemotexis?
Leukkocytes attracted to site of infection by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens
What are the two major classes of leukocytes?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
What are the kinds of Granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
What do neutrophils do?
Phagocytize infectious pathogens by secreting lysozyme
What do Eosinophils do?
Deal with parasitic infections and allergens
What do basophils do?
Deal with allergic reactions, releasing histamines and heparins
What are the two types of agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes (which reside in lymphatic tissue and produce immune response) and monocytes (which phagotize cell fragments, dead cells, and debris
What cells fragments to form thrombocytes (platelets)
Megakaryocytes
What type of cells are erythrocytes and megakaryocytes derived from?
myeloid stem cell
What type of precursor cell are granulocytes and agranulocytes derived from?
Lymphoid stem cell.
What is hemocrit and what are its typical values?
Percentage volume compose do red blood cells. For men 42-56%; for women 38-46%
Why is blood doping dangerous?
increases blood viscosity, placing extra pressure on heart and valves
What is serum?
Plasma with the clotting factors (fibrinogen) removed
What percentage of blood plasma volume is water?
about 92%
What is a normal white blood cell count?
5,000-10,000 per microliter of blood
what is Leukocytosis and what does it indicate?
A high white blood cell count, indicates infection, inflammation, or extreme stress
What is Leukopenia and what does it indicate?
Low white blood cell count. Indicates viral or bacterial infections.
What is leukemia and what are its effects?
Cancer in Leukocyte-forming cells, causes proliferation of abnormal leukocytes which takes over bone marrow, slowing production of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, causing anemia and bleeding.
What is the hemapoietic chain for erythrocytes?
Myeloid Stem Cell > Normoblast > Reticulocyte > Erythrocyte
What is the hemapoietic sequence for platelets?
Myeloid Stem Cell > megakaryocyte > platelets
What cells are derived from a Lymphoid stem cell?
Eosinophil, basophil, Neutrophil, Monocyte, B-Lymphocyte, T-Lymphocyte
