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Anatomy > 15 Blood > Flashcards

15 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of blood? Relative proportions?

A

55% plasma, 45 % formed elements: 1% buffy coat, made of leukocytes and thrombocytes, 45% erythrocytes

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2
Q

What is EPO and what does it do?

A

erythropoietin, a hormone which increases erythrocyte production

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3
Q

What makes up blood plasma?

A

water, proteins, and solutes.

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4
Q

What proteins are present in plasma and what is their volume proportion?

A

albumins, globulins, and Fibrinogen, regulatory proteins (enzymes and hormones)
7% by volume

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5
Q

What is albumin?

A

Protein which regulates osmosis between blood and interstitial fluids; facilitates transport of proteins and lipids

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6
Q

What do globulins do?

A

binds, supports, and protects water insoluble hormones and ions. Anti-bodies are a type of globulin.

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7
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

Protein involved in blood clot formation

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8
Q

What is rouleau?

A

When erythrocytes line up in single file to go through capillaries.

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9
Q

What is the erythrocyte life cycle?

A

red bone marrow, blood stream circulation, liver and spleen, components recycle, components transported to red bone marrow.

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10
Q

What antigens and anti-bodies does type A blood have?

A

Type A surface antigens and anti-type B antibodies

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11
Q

What about type B blood?

A

Surface antigen type B, anti-type A antibodies

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12
Q

What about type O blood?

A

Neither type A or B surface antigens, antibodies against both type A and type B.

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13
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Too many red blood cells. Therapeutic blood donations

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14
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

When leukocytes leave blood stream and enter tissues, squeezing between endothelial cells

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15
Q

What is chemotexis?

A

Leukkocytes attracted to site of infection by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens

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16
Q

What are the two major classes of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

17
Q

What are the kinds of Granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

18
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Phagocytize infectious pathogens by secreting lysozyme

19
Q

What do Eosinophils do?

A

Deal with parasitic infections and allergens

20
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Deal with allergic reactions, releasing histamines and heparins

21
Q

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes (which reside in lymphatic tissue and produce immune response) and monocytes (which phagotize cell fragments, dead cells, and debris

22
Q

What cells fragments to form thrombocytes (platelets)

A

Megakaryocytes

23
Q

What type of cells are erythrocytes and megakaryocytes derived from?

A

myeloid stem cell

24
Q

What type of precursor cell are granulocytes and agranulocytes derived from?

A

Lymphoid stem cell.

25
Q

What is hemocrit and what are its typical values?

A

Percentage volume compose do red blood cells. For men 42-56%; for women 38-46%

26
Q

Why is blood doping dangerous?

A

increases blood viscosity, placing extra pressure on heart and valves

27
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma with the clotting factors (fibrinogen) removed

28
Q

What percentage of blood plasma volume is water?

A

about 92%

29
Q

What is a normal white blood cell count?

A

5,000-10,000 per microliter of blood

30
Q

what is Leukocytosis and what does it indicate?

A

A high white blood cell count, indicates infection, inflammation, or extreme stress

31
Q

What is Leukopenia and what does it indicate?

A

Low white blood cell count. Indicates viral or bacterial infections.

32
Q

What is leukemia and what are its effects?

A

Cancer in Leukocyte-forming cells, causes proliferation of abnormal leukocytes which takes over bone marrow, slowing production of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, causing anemia and bleeding.

33
Q

What is the hemapoietic chain for erythrocytes?

A

Myeloid Stem Cell > Normoblast > Reticulocyte > Erythrocyte

34
Q

What is the hemapoietic sequence for platelets?

A

Myeloid Stem Cell > megakaryocyte > platelets

35
Q

What cells are derived from a Lymphoid stem cell?

A

Eosinophil, basophil, Neutrophil, Monocyte, B-Lymphocyte, T-Lymphocyte

Anatomy (27 decks)

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