Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > 13 General and Special Senses > Flashcards

13 General and Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two classes of sensory receptors?

A

General and Special

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What senses are classified as general?

A

Temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What senses are considered special?

A

gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, and audition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect and what are examples of senses that use chemoreceptors?

A

The detect certain chemical molecules, e.g. taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Thermoreceptors and what sense use them?

A

receptors which detect changes in temperature, e.g. touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Photoreceptors and what sense take advantage of them?

A

Receptors which detect light used by vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are mechanoreceptors and which senses use them?

A

Receptors which detect mechanical changes like touch, vibration, and stretch. Hearing and balance use these, also proprioceptors which detect the position and relative contraction of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are baroreceptors and what senses use them?

A

Receptors which detect the change of blood pressure within a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Nociceptors?

A

Receptors which detect pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most numerous type of receptor in the body?

A

tactile receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what class of receptors are tactile receptors?

A

mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are they located?

A

in the Dermis and hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of sensory receptor is used to detect taste?

A

Chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What structures have taste receptors on them?

A

tongue, posterior palate, cheeks, pharynx, and epiglottis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the bumps on your tongue and are they taste buds?

A

They are papillae and no, they are not taste buds, though they may have taste buds on them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different types of lingual papillae?

A

Filiform, fungiform, (circum)vallate, foliate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are filiform papillae found and do they have taste buds?

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue; no taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are fungiform papillae found and do they have taste buds?

A

found on tip and sides of tungue, only a few taste buds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are vallate papillae found and do they have taste buds?

A

Back of the tongue, largest, least numerous type with the highest density of taste buds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are foliate papillae found and do they have taste buds?

A

Lateral lingual surface, taste buds, used only during infancy and early childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of cells make up a taste bud?

A

Gustatory cells, supporting cells, and basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What structures are present on the tips of gustatory cells?

A

Gustatory microvillae aka taste hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long do gustatory cells live?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the purpose of supporting cells?

A

Insulate gustatory cells from each other and surround epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do basal cells do?

A

Mature into the other two types of cells present in taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At what age does our ability to disciminate tastes begin to fail?

A

age 50.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the five flavors that can be detected by the tongue?

A

Salty, sweet, sour, bitter, savory (umami)f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the nerves involved in the gustatory sense?

A

Facial nerve (VII), which provides gustatory sense to the anterior 2/3 of tongue, and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), which provides this sense to the posterior 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What cell types are involved in olfaction?

A

Olfactory neurons, supporting cells, basal cells

30
Q

Through what structure do olfactory neurons conduct olfactory signals? What type of nuerons receive them in what adjoining structure?

A

olfactory neurons go through cribriform foramina to conduct olfactory signal to projection neurons in olfactory bulb

31
Q

What type of neuron are olfactory cells/neurons? What is the name of the chemoreceptor structures on the ends of these neurons?

A

Olfactory neurons are bipolar neurons. Olfactory hairs are the distal chemoreceptive structures on the distal ends of the dendrites of olfactory cells.

32
Q

What is the conjunctiva and what is its purpose?

A

It is the superficial covering over the eye that closes off the optic tract from foreign objects

33
Q

What is the fancy name for the eyelid?

A

Palpebra

34
Q

Where are lacrimal glands found

A

Superior and lateral to the eye–keeps eye lubricated and clean

35
Q

What fluids fill anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A

aqueous humor

36
Q

What fluid fills the vitreous chamber of the eye?

A

Vitreous humor

37
Q

Where is the anterior chamber located?

A

Anterior to iris

38
Q

Where is posterior chamber?

A

Posterior to iris, surrounding lens

39
Q

What are cataracts?

A

When the lens of the eye begins to become opaque, causing blindness.

40
Q

What are the causes of cataracts?

A

aging, diabetes, UV exposure, glaucoma, eye infections.

41
Q

What are the fibrous tunics that surround the eye?

A

sclera and cornea

42
Q

What are the vascular tunics of the eye?

A

Choroid and cilliary body and cilliary zonules/suspensory ligaments

43
Q

What are the structures that hold up the lens of the eye?

A

cilliary zonlues/suspensory ligaments

44
Q

What structures make up the neural tunic?

A

retina

45
Q

What type of sensory receptors are present on the retina and what two types are there

A

two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones

46
Q

What spectrum of light do rods detect?

A

Black and white (just intensity of light) and function mostly in dim light

47
Q

How many rods are there in your eye?

A

100 million

48
Q

What spectrum of light do cones detect? How many per eye?

A

Detect color, operate best in bright light and provide high acuity color vision ~100 million per eye.

49
Q

What are the regions of the retine?

A

Macula Lutea
Fovea centralis
Optic disc

50
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

Area surrounding fovea centralis that contains mostly cones

51
Q

What is the fovea centralis?

A

Central area of eye contains only cones and maximal visual acuity

52
Q

Where is the optic disc and what is it?

A

area slightly lateral where axons converge to leave eye. Blind spot.

53
Q

What is emmetropia?

A

normal vision

54
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Far-sightedness. Eyeball is too short so near objects are blurry.

55
Q

What is myopia?

A

Near-sightedness. Eyeball is too long so far objects are blurry.

56
Q

From what brain structure does the eye grow?

A

dienchephalon

57
Q

What structures are part of the external ear?

A

Auricle, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane

58
Q

What structures are part of the middle ear?

A

Auditory ausicles (stapes, incus, and malleus), tympanic cavity, oval window, round window, and auditory tube

59
Q

What structures are part of the inner ear?

A

Vestibule, cochlea, petrous part

60
Q

What are the glands that produce ear wax and what is the other name of ear wax?

A

Cerumen = ear wax. Ceruminous glands produce cerumen

61
Q

What are the muscles which attach to tympanic membrane?

A

tensor tympani and stapedius

62
Q

What are the sack like structures associated with the Vestibule that detect acceleration and deceleration and help maintain equilibrium?

A

Utricles and saccules

63
Q

What do the semicircular canals do?

A

Detect rotational movements and help sense equilibrium

64
Q

What cochlear structure contains perilymph?

A

Scala tympani and scala vestibuli

65
Q

What cochlear structure contains endolymph?

A

Cochlear duct

66
Q

Through what window does sound enter the inner ear?

A

the oval (or vestibular) window

67
Q

Through what aperture do sound waves leave the cochlea?

A

Through the round or cochlear window

68
Q

What nerve receives auditory signals?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (XIII)

69
Q

What is otitis media?

A

An ear infection

70
Q

When is otitis media most common? and why?

A

In childhood because auditory tubes are horizontal

Anatomy (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions