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Anatomy > 12 Peripheral And Autnomic Nervous Systems > Flashcards

12 Peripheral And Autnomic Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

See periphery nerves and senses to learn the cranial nerves.

A

Okay!

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2
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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3
Q

What structures is each spinal nerve made of?

A

A motor efferent neuron, and a sensory afferent neuron.

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4
Q

On what surface do the sensory afferent neurons breach from the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal surface

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5
Q

On what side do motor efferent neurons connect with the spinal cord?

A

Ventral side.

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6
Q

What is a dermatome and what is their origin?

A

Specific segment of skin enervated by a single nerve. They embryonic origin is embryonic somites.

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7
Q

What is the only spinal nerve that doesn’t innervate a dermatome?

A

C1

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8
Q

Hat phenomena arises from the existence of dermatomes and their associated nerves?

A

Referred visceral pain

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9
Q

What nerve does an inflamed appendix affect?

A

The T10 nerve

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10
Q

What are plexuses?

A

Big inter grouped bundles of new traveling together.

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11
Q

What are the four principles plexuses in the body?

A

Brachial, lumbar, cervical, and sacral.

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12
Q

What spinal nerves. Make up the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

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13
Q

What areas does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

Anterior. ECM and parts of head and shoulders

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14
Q

What nerve is C4?

A

The phrenic nerve, which enervates the diaphragm.

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15
Q

What nerves make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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16
Q

What areas do the nerves of the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Pectoral girdle and upper limbs.

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17
Q

What nerve is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

The median nerve

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18
Q

What are the most important nerves othe brachial plexus?

A

Median n, ulnar n, radial n, musculocutaneous n.

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19
Q

What nerves make up the lumbar plexus and what do they innervate?

A

L1-L4. The lower limbs.

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20
Q

What is the most important nerve of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve which innervates anterior muscles of the thigh.

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21
Q

What nerves make up the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

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22
Q

What do the nerves of the sacral plexus innervate?

A

Innervates the low limb

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23
Q

What is the most important nerve of the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve.

24
Q

What areas of the leg does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

All of lower limbs except anterior and medial regions of the thigh

25
Q

In to What two branches does the sciatic nerve split?

A

The tibial and the common fibular or peroneal nerve

26
Q

What is the longest and largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

27
Q

What is a reflex?

A

Rapid, automatic, involuntary response of muscles or glands to a stimulus.

28
Q

What are the properties of reflexes?

A

A stimulus is required to initiate a response, rapidity requires that few neurons be involved and little synaptic delay, it occurs the same way every time.

29
Q

What are the five components of a reflex arc?

A
  1. Stimulus activates receptor
  2. Impulse tracks through sensory affront neuron through the PNS to the CNS.
  3. In complex reflexes, the impulse travels through interneurons
  4. Impulse travels through motor efferent neuron from CNS to PNS
  5. Effector spends to nerve response.
30
Q

What are the two types of reflexes?

A

Monosynaptic and polysynaptic

31
Q

What is missing from a Monosynaptic reflex?

A

No interneurons re involved. Patellar knee jerk is example

32
Q

What is the characteristic attribute of a polysynaptic reflex?

A

Multiple synapses are involved (interneurons are engaged) resulting in a more delayed response.

33
Q

What are the two largest functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Sensory afferent and motor efferent.

34
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the sensory afferent nervous system?

A

Somatic sensory and visceral sensory.

35
Q

What does the somatic sensory division of the sensory afferent nervous system do?

A

Receives sensory information from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscle, and special senses.

36
Q

What does the visceral sensory division of the sensory afferent nervous system do?

A

Receives sensory information from the viscera

37
Q

What does the somatic motor division of the motor efferent nervous system do?

A

It innervate skeletal muscle, thus it is the “voluntary” division of the nervous system.

38
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do and what are its divisions?

A

Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. Divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.

39
Q

What are the differences in structure between the somatic vs autonomic nervous systems?

A

Somatic has one sensory neuron for each motor neuron. In autonomic, there is only one visceral sensory neuron for two autonomic motor neurons, with an autonomic ganglion placed in between the two–the preganglionic autonomic motor neuron and the ganglionic autonomic motor neuron

40
Q

Where is the cell body of a preganglionic neuron of the ANS found?

A

Spinal cord or brain

41
Q

Where does the axon of the preganglionic neuron synapse with the post-ganglionic neuron?

A

in the Autonomic ganglion

42
Q

Where is the cell body of the postganglionic neuron found in ANS?

A

in Autonomic ganglion

43
Q

What kind of glial cell surround neuron cell bodies?

A

Satellite cells

44
Q

What is the function of satelitte cells?

A

To provide nutrients, mostly

45
Q

Where does the axon of the postganglionic neuron extend to in autonomic nervous system?

A

Visceral organs

46
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

47
Q

What is the catch phrase we use to describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomous nervous systems respectively?

A 
Sympathetic = fight or flight
Parasympathetic = rest and digest
48
Q

Which cranial and spinal nerves are components of the parasympathetic division?

A

Oculomotor nerve (III), Facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X), S2-S4 nerves of the spinal cord, and pelvic splanchnic nerves

49
Q

What nerves are part of the sympathetic division?

A

The “Sympathetic trunk,” nerves T1-L1

50
Q

Where are the soma of preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division located?

A

Either in the brain stem or the lateral gray matter of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments.

51
Q

Where are the soma of preganglionic neurons located in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

In the lateral horns of the T1-L2 spinal cord segments.

52
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is structural simpler? Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

53
Q

Where are the ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic division found?

A

either in terminal ganglia (which are located close to target organ)
or in intramural ganglia (located within the walls of the target organ)

54
Q

Are the preganglionic axons of the autonomic nervous sytem myelinated? How about postganglionic?

A

Pre = myelinated, post = unmyelinated

55
Q

What are the differences in axon lenths and branchings between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

PSymp- long pre neuron, short post, no branching

Symp- short pre neuron, long post, branching of preganglionic neuron

56
Q

What is an example of the activities of the Psymp and Symp divisons in the Pupil? Digestive System? Heart?

A

Pupil– Psymp constrict pupil, symp dilates pupil
digestive– Psymp increases digestive activities, symp reduces blood flow and digestive activities
heart– Psymp decreases heart rate, symp increases heart rate

Anatomy (27 decks)

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