Urinary

Question 1

Function of the kidneys

Answer 1

Excretion
Regulation of bl pressure/volume
Regulation of electrolytes and pH

Question 2

Excretion

Answer 2

Filter blood plasma an eliminate toxic substances

Question 3

Kidney gross anatomy

Answer 3

Fibrous capsule
Hilum
Blood vessels
Cortex
Medulla
Renal pelvis
Ureter

Question 4

Fibrous capsule

Answer 4

A cover made of fat and collagenous fibers that surrounds the organ

Question 5

Hilum

Answer 5

Concave area of the kidney
Where the artery, vein, and pelvis enter/exit

Question 6

Blood vessels

Answer 6

Renal artery
- oxygenated unfiltered blood
Renal vein
- deoxygenated filtered blood

Question 7

Cortex

Answer 7

Outer functional layer of the kidney
Contains nephrons

Question 8

Medulla

Answer 8

Inner functional layer of the kidney
Made up of renal pyramids

Question 9

Renal pelvis

Answer 9

Enlarged chamber that is formed by all of the calyx coming together
Leads to the ureter

Question 10

Ureter

Answer 10

Carries urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Question 11

Calyx

Answer 11

Carry urine from the renal pyramids to the renal pelvis

Question 12

Renal columns

Answer 12

Internal extensions of the renal cortex

Question 13

The nephron

Answer 13

Found in the cortex
Filter blood and produce urine

Question 14

Parts of a nephron

Answer 14

Renal corpuscle
Renal tubules

Question 15

Renal corpuscle

Answer 15

Beginning of the nephron
Located in the cortex tissue

Question 16

Parts of the renal corpuscle

Answer 16

Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Glomerular capsule

Question 17

Afferent arteriole

Answer 17

Brings in blood that needs to be filtered

Question 18

Glomerulus

Answer 18

Network of capillaries at the end of the Afferent arteriole
These capillaries that holes that allow small substances to leak out of the blood stream

Question 19

Efferent arteriole

Answer 19

Carries everything that didn’t leave the capillaries out of the glomerulus

Question 20

Glomerular capsule

Answer 20

Collection of cells that wrap around the glomerulus and contain everything that left the capillaries of the glomerulus

Question 21

Glomerular filtrate

Answer 21

The stuff that leaks out of the (glomerulus) capillaries

Question 22

Renal tubules

Answer 22

Further process the glomerular filtrate
Located in both the cortex and medulla

Question 23

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 23

Simple cuboidal epithelium with Microvilli
As filtrate passes through the body tries to reabsorb substances it needs

Question 24

Nephron loop

Answer 24

Thin segment
Thick segment

Descending loop
Ascending loop

Question 25

Thin segment of the nephron loop

Answer 25

Makes the u-turn btw ascending and descending limbs Simple squamous epithelium for water reabsorption

Question 26

Thick segment of the nephron loop

Answer 26

Makes the straight portion of the ascending and descending limbs Simple cuboidal epithelium for active transport

Question 27

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 27

Cuboidal epithelial tissue with no Microvilli End of the nephron

Question 28

Collecting duct

Answer 28

Where the material that has been processed is dumbed by the nephrons

Question 29

Peritubular capillaries

Answer 29

Come from the efferent arteriole Surround the nephrons Take back substances for the body

Question 30

Glomerular filtration

Answer 30

Fluid passes from the capillaries in glomerulus to the capsule via the filtration membrane

Question 31

Glomerular filtrate

Answer 31

The fluid that has been filtered from the blood plasma in the glomerulus and passes throughout the nephron

Question 32

Filtration membrane

Answer 32

A physical barrier between the fluid in the bloodstream and fluid outside the bloodstream

Question 33

Layers of the filtration membrane

Answer 33

Fenestrated endothelium of the capillary Shared basement membrane Filtration slits

Question 34

Fenestrated endothelium of capillary

Answer 34

Wall of the capillary that has holes in it

Question 35

Glomerular filtration through the filtration membrane

Answer 35

Particles in the blood are pushed out through these holes by an increase in blood pressure caused by a decrease in blood vessel size

Question 36

What is filtered in glomerular filtration?

Answer 36

Water Electrolytes Fatty acids Amino acids Nitrogenous waste Vitamins

Question 37

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 37

The ability of blood to reabsorb material that it needs PCT reabsorbs the majority of the glomerular filtrate and also water Nephron loop and DCT absorb mostly water

Question 38

Tubular secretion (Happens throughout the whole process)

Answer 38

Capillaries add additional substances to the tubules that did not make it out in the filtration process

Question 39

Water conservation

Answer 39

Last chance to reabsorb water Primarily in the final collecting duct Once the filtrate has entered the collecting duct it is considered urine

Question 40

Urine formation

Answer 40

Glomerulus filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Water conservation