1.1 Ecosystems and Terrestrial Biomes Flashcards
Community
different populations that are in the same area (habitat) –> ONLY THE BIOTIC FACTORS
Competition
different populations compete for the same resources
Interspecific interaction
interactions between different species
Predation
when one population NOMS the other usually referds to animal to animal because the plant to animal is herbivory
Herbivory
type of predation where plants are being eaten
how many types of predation are there and what are they
2 –> herbivory and predation
Symbiosis
long term relationship between two types of organisms that can be good or bad
what are some things that organisms compete for
territory, food, etc.
types of symbiosis
parasitism, mutualism, commensalism
Parasitism
One benefit, one gets hurt
parasite
organism that does the hurting and benefits
host
organisms that gets hurt in a parasitic relationship
do parasites want their hosts to die
Host can get killed but this isn’t the true intent; because you will need to find a new host.
mutualism
Both species benefit
commensalism
At least one species benefits, the other doesn’t get affected.
what are the types of interspecific interactions
competition, predation, and symbiosis
Population
members of a certain species that shares an area (species + area)
if a member of a species is in a different area from the other members of the same species are they all in the same population
no bc diff area –> has ot be same area + species to be a population
biotic
living
abiotic
non living
does community include abiotic and biotic
no only biotic
ecosystem
groups of populations in a given habitat that cycle energy and conserve it –> biotic + abiotic
rank the following biggest to smallest (like bigger if it includes more like abiotic and biotic vs js biotic):
ecosystem population community biome
biome ecosystem community population
how does energy enter most ecosystems
light
how does energy leave most ecosystems
heat
what are the different types of ecosystems
land and aquatic
what are the different types of aquatic ecosystems
marine and freshwater
biome
a geographic region of land or water and is characterized by similar climates and the organisms adapted to it
biome vs ecosystem
biome is bigger than ecosystem because a biome is determined by similar climate so there are multiple ecosystems in a biome – ecosystems are the biotic and abiotic factors in a group of populations that interacts with their environment
is there more variation in ecosystems or biomes and why
biomes bc the same type can look super different
Terrestrial means
land
Terrestrial Biomes
land biomes that are differentiated by temperature and precipitation
Are temperature and precipitation the only factors that differentiate terrestrial biomes?
no they are the major factors; terrestrial biomes are also differentiated by latitude, altitude, etc.
How many types of terrestrial biomes are there
8
What are the 9 types of terrestrial biomes?
1) Tropical Forest
2) Desert
3) Chaparral
4) Grassland
5) Temperate Forest
6) Coniferous Forests
7) Tundra
How many types of tropical forests are there
2
What are the 2 types of tropical forests
Tropical Dry Forests and Tropical Rain Forests
Do tropical forests have high levels of precipitation?
yes they have the highest amount of precipitation compared to any other TERRESTRIAL bioe
What is the temperature of a Tropical Forest
WARMEST TERRESTRIAL biome
What level of diversity do Tropical Forests have
HIGHEST DIVERSITY of any TERRESTRIAL biome
Tropical forests contain ______ of trees
canopies
canopy
cover of trees (very top level)
Tropical Dry Forest
have seasons of rain; rain is intermittent
Tropical Rain Forest
rains (basically) continuously throughout the year
Savanna
warmer grassland with scattered trees
What is the temperature of Savannas
very hot
What is the precipitation of Savannas
moderate precipitation
What are the seasons of Savannas
seasonal fires and droughts in dry season
What organisms live in Savannas
many grazing herbivores and many carnivores
What is the Savanna aka
LIoN kInG bIoMe
What is the temperature of Deserts
2nd HOTTEST biome of any TERRESTRIAL BIOME
What is the precipitation of Deserts
LOWEST precipitation of any TERRESTRIAL biome
why are deserts not the hottest terrestrial biome
bc the nights are super duper cold
how do organisms who need water live in the dester
long extensive roots
What is the temperature of Chaparrals
Warm Temperature
What are Chaparral’s environment like
rocky and mountainous GOATS
What organisms live in Chaparrals
low laying plant life (NO TREES) so small shrubs and stuff and GOATS GOATS GOATS GOATS
What is the temperature of Temperate Grasslands
moderate to warm
What is the precipitation of Temperate Grasslands
low to moderate
What organisms live in Temperate Grasslands
herbivores
Temperate Grasslands have no _____
trees
What is the temperature of northern Coniferous Forests
cold
What is the precipitation of Temperate Broadleaf Forests
good
Deciduous trees
trees that turn different colors and have no leaves in the winter
Temperate Broadleaf Forests have _______ __ ______
canopies of trees
Coniferous Forests are aka
(but like fr tho)
Taiga or boreal forest
What is the precipitation of northern Coniferous Forests
lots of precipitation
what are the seasons of coniferous Forests
northern coniferous
Coniferous Trees
cone producing trees (
what is the coldest terrestrial biome
tundra
What is the precipitation of Tundras
super low
Tundra has ____ and ____
permafrost; lichens
Permafrost
low layer of ice in soil, which remains all year long
lichens
two organisms that are often mistaken as one because of their strong symbiotic relationship
Lichens are usually made of
a photosynthetic organisms and fungus
Are there many different types of lichens
yes
symbiotic relationship
relationship between organisms where one organism benefits from the association while not harming the other
organisms in tundra
grasses and shrubs
ecology
the study of how organisms interact with their physical environment and with each other
biotic factors
living factors
abiotic factor
not living factors
biomes are determined by their what
climax community
climax community
a stable community of plants, animals, and fungi that has reached a steady state in a given climate and geography that the other organisms also rely on
climate
average meteorigal conditions in a given environment
weather
time specific meteorigical condition
examples of things that are included in climate
precipitation and temperature
Ecotone
the blend of Bio,es in a biome map before the biome changes to a different biome –> its there bc there isn’t a sudden change between biomes
disturbance
natural or man made diststers hat change the makeup of an ecosystem
disturbances are always bad
true or false
false bc they can be good or bad depending on how they effect the environment and the organisms in them
way to remember tropical forest
they’re the warmest and the wettest ;)
way to remember deserts
they’re lava cake with ice cream
way to remember savanna
kion lives there
way to remember chaparral
goat gopping
way to remember northern coniferous
Christmas tree in NJ! …..
way to remember Temperate grassland
BRO IS THE MIDDEST BIOME YOU WILL EVER SEE
what types of temperate forest are there
Temperate deciduous forests and Temperate rainforests
temperate deciduous forests aka
temperate seasonal forestst
temperate deciduous forests
think NJ seasons
Temperate rainforests
mild winters and rain ALLLL the time
why do deciduous trees shed their leaves in the winter
to conserve energy bc they gonna die anyway so why try making them live
Desert
warm without really any rain so they’re super dry
what were the different types of grasslands
savannas and Temperate grasslands
chaparrals aka
scrublands, shrublands, or woodlands
climate of tundra
cold and dry and barely any rain
Generalist species
A species able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and that can make use of a variety of different resources
Specialist Species
A species that can thrive only in restrictive environmental conditions and can make use of only a few different (even only one) resources
