1.2 Biogeochemical Cycles (Water) Flashcards
does earth have more saltwater or freshwater
saltwater
Water Cycle
the state changes of water and its physical movement of it though/between ecosystems
Nutrient Cycle
generally starts as solar energy from sun and usually ends as heat energy
How many MAIN steps are included in the water cycle
3
What are the 3 MAIN steps of the water cycle
1) Water precipitates
2) Water evaporates into water vapor
3) Water vapor condenses back into liquid water
What causes evaporation
heat – thermal energy
There can be a net movement of water vapor by ____
wind
What does water flowing from land to sea contain
silt
silt
fine soil and particles such as fertilizers and pesticides
What forms acid precipitation
airborne pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides
What is another way that water becomes water vapor
transpiration
Deforestation decreases ________ and thus the amount of water vapor in the air
transpiration
Groundwater flows ____ than surface water
slower
True or False
Groundwater remains in the ground
False it eventually returns back to the ocean
Why do humans pump groundwater to the surface?
for irrigation
Pumping groundwater to the surface can increase the rate of _____ and ______ groundwater supplies for the future
evaporation; deplete
groundwater
water that is found underground between soil particles and cracks in rocks
aquifers
groundwater reservoirs that are under permeable rock
if there is more saltwater compared to freshwater and humans and many organisms rely on freshwater how do these organisms live
innovations/technology that help take the salt out of saltwater and also collecting water from places
a majority of water on the earth cycles
true or false
false
residence time
the average time that water molecules spend in Earth’s major water reservoirs
what type of water cycles rapidly
surface water
what type of water cycles slowly
water in ice, oceans, and underground
water cycle aka
hydrologic cycle
the water cycle is driven by what
sun (thermal) energy
why does energy from the sun power the water cycle
bc it powers evaporation
infiltrate
when water that flows downward on the surface goes into the soil or rock surface
percolate
when water flows THOUGH soil or rock surface
surface runoff
flow of water over the ground surface when it can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil bc the soil is condensed with water
transpiration
when water goes into the roots and evaporates through the stomata In leaves
groundwater
water found in the pores between particles in sand and gravel or in the cracks in rocks
does transpiration require energy
no
groundwater is a reservoir of _____ (freshwater/saltwater)
freshwater
groundwater reservoirs aka
aquifers
groundwater is commonly used for
well drinking water
evaporation is water doing what
going from liquid to gas
is evaporation a physical or chemical change
physical
when water condenses what does it condense into
clouds
forms of precipitation
snow, sleet, hail, rain
how do animals contribute to water cycle
drink/eat plants with water in them + pee, sweat, etc.
water cycles as what (chemical formula)
H2O
water in gaseous state is called what
water vapor
why does condensation occur
lose energy — cold — condense together
where is there more water surface water or ground water (not like oceans and shit for surface water – just like rivers, ponds, etc.)
ground water bc a lot of it goes in and surface flow is only made when ground is already too saturated
sublimation
solid to gas (ice to water vapor)
why does sublimation occur
bc of cold and dry environments and high pressure
