2.3 Human Populations Flashcards
age structure diagram aka
population pyramid
age structure diagram
a diagram that shows the distribution of age and sex in a population (how much ppl there are that are a certain age in a population)
x-axis of age structure diagram shows what
population percentage
y-axis of age structure diagram shows what
age groups from birth to old age
how many types of population growth are there and what are they
fourth: rapid, slow, stable, declining
rapid growth age structure diagram
when there’s a large proportion of young people and smaller AMT of old people
rapid growth rate age structure diagrams have a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
high; death
words to describe rapid growth rate
expansive and expanding
shape of rapid growth age structure diagram
steep triangle
slow growth age structure diagram
when there is a high proportion of young people and low proportion of old people
slow growth rate age structure diagrams have a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
high; declining
cause of slow growth age structure diagrams
immigration, increasing lifespans
cause of rapid growth age structure diagrams
more children and short lifespans
words to describe slow growth
expansive expanding
stable growth age structure diagram
similar proportion of young and old people
rapid growth rate age structure diagrams stable a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
declining; low
what causes stable age structure diagram
few children long lifespan
shape of stable age structure diagram
dome
words to describe stable age structure diagram
zero grow, stationary, constant
shape of slow growth age structure diagram
normal pyramid
if a population is declining what does it mean
there are fewer young individuals
declining population have a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
low; low
what causes declining population
developing countries that have health care
shape of declining age structure diagram
dome that constricts at the bottom
words to describe declining age structure diagram
negative growth, constrictive, contracting
what caused human population growth to grow
healthcare, innovations, etc.
carrying capacity symbol
k
carrying capacity
limit to how many organisms an ecosystem can support
carrying capacity of humans – explain
we don’t know because humans keep innovating
what caused human growth rate to decline
woman in the work force, overpopulation in some areas
doubling time
how long it takes for a population to double
rule of 70
you can approximate the doubling time of a population by taking the number 70 and dividing by the number of the rate (not the percent –> js take the number)
demographic transition model
model that shows how a population changes its birth rate, total population, and death rate over time
x-axis of demgraphic transition model
times
y-axis of demographic transition model
show birth/death rate and total population (there are multiple lines)
how many phases are there in the demographic transition model
4
what are the phases of the demographic transition model
1st phase of demographic transition model
preindustrial phase
preindustrial phase has a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
high; high
cause of death and birth rates in preindustrial phase
high death – high child mortality bc no health care –> also a lot of people
high birth – not alot of women in the work force + kids keep dying so ppl keep having kids
2nd phase of demographic transition model
transitional phase
transitional phase has a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
high;declining
cause of birth and death rates in transitional phase
high birth: ppl don’t realize kids aren’t dying
declining death: industrialization
which phase adds significantly to the population(spike)
transitional
do all populations stay for the same AMT of time in all demographic transition models
no diff for all
third phase of demographic transition model
industrial phase
industrial phase has a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
declining; low
cause of birth and death rates in industrial phase
birth: ppl realize kids aren’t dying + women in the workforce
death: was declining and is now low
4th phase of demographic transition model
post industrial
post industrial phase has a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) birth rate and a ____ (high/low/declining/inclining) death rate
low; low
cause of birth and death rates in post industrial phase
they were both declining so now they’re low
problems with post industrial phase
older ppl – how support? resources?
which phase causes a shrink in population size explain
post industrial bc the birth rate can go below the death rate bc ppl are working
usual cause for decreasing birth rate with stabilizing population
Increased access to reproductive education and family planning generally decreases fertility rates because it allows families to plan the timing of pregnancies and to obtain prenatal care.
cause for declining birth rate in post industrial phase
Countries in Stage 4 tend to have well developed economies and accessible education and healthcare, so as employment opportunities for females increase, families are more likely to shorten child bearing years and limit family size.
