4.5 Integrated Pest Management Flashcards
integrated Pest management
a holistic approach towards making sure pests don’t kill crops but also making sure ur not damaging the environment with bad stuff (like too much pesticide)
what is the most common way that pests are killed on farms
pesticide
why is pesiticide good
bc it kills pests so farmers can make more profit
why is pesiticide bad
bc pests can grow to be resistant (natural selection), it can be damaging to the environment, ppl don’t want to eat food with so much pesiticide
what are natural ways to kill pests
introduce predators of a pest into a farm or introduce a crop earlier in the season so the pests are like hey its not the right breeding season yet so they can be weaker
what are some scientific ways to handle pests
genetic engineering to the corn so they make proteins that are bad for pests etc
why is genetic engineering crops to kill pests bad
some ppl don’t like GMOs
why is planting crops early bad
might not be good for their survival b not good season
sustainable agriculture
holistic approaches that allow the world to have some food and make profit and protect the environment
aquaculture
the practice of breeding, harvesting, and raising fish, shellfish, and seaweed in controlled aquatic environments
when is aquaculture bad
when it does not consider environmental impacts
why was aquaculture created
to meet the worlds demand for seafood
advantages of aquaculture
- help alleviate pressure on overfished wild populations while still meeting demand for seafood
- producing a large amount of food in a small area of water + other resources –> so efficient
- lower prices of seafood
consequences of aquaculture
- wastewater from aquaculture places may contain feces, uneaten food, and antibiotics, which can contaminate the environment
- the populations are often dense, which means disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites spread easily. These pathogens can then spread to nearby wild populations
- Fish that escape from aquaculture facilities may compete or breed with wild fish populations, potentially disrupting the local ecosystem
soil conservation
methods that aim to prevent erosion
erosion
the loss of fertile topsoil as a result of water, wind, or human activity
soil conservation methods how many and what
6 –> contour plowing, wind breaks, perennial crops, terracing, no-till agriculture, strip cropping,
wind breaks
lines of trees and shrubs planted at the edges of fields that break the force of wind to prevent soil from blowing away
contour plowing
planting crops in rows that run parallel to a slope’s topographic contour lines to help slow runoff and hold topsoil in place
perennial crops
cropsthat live for multiple years
terracing
a technique used to farm hilly or mountainous areas, in which crops are grown on terraces, water flows gradually from terrace to terrace, reducing overall water loss and soil erosion
no till agriculture
a practice that involves planting seeds without first turning over top soils so that crop residues are left in the field from season to season, and the top layer of soil is left undisturbed
strip cropping
a crop rotation system in which strips of erosion-susceptible and erosion-resistant plants are grown in an alternating pattern. This system helps stabilize the soil and maintain soil fertility.
topographic map
render the three-dimensional ups and downs of the terrain on a two-dimensional surface
topographic contour lines
a line drawn on a topographic map to indicate ground elevation or depression
topsoil
surface soil usually including the rich upper layer in which plants have most of their roots and which the farmer turns over in plowing
perennial crop soil conservation method
Planting perennial crops results in less soil disturbance than planting annual crops, which die after one year and must be replanted
terrace
flat strips of land built into a hillside
Soil fertility
the ability of a soil to sustain plant growth
no till agriculture specifially helps what
helps maintain soil structure and promotes water infiltration
why is erosion bad
It can deplete soils of essential plant nutrients
soil fertility methods how many and what
3 –> crop rotation, green manure, limestone
crop rotation
the practice of changing the type of crop grown in a field, usually season by season. Crops are rotated to balance out nutrient demands on the soil, reducing the need for added fertilizer
Green manure
a crop grown specifically to be mixed into topsoil while still green. As the green plant material decomposes, nutrients are released into the soil
Limestone
a type of rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate
limestone soil fertility method
Limestone can be mixed into acidic soils to increase the soils’ pH. Making soils less acidic can help increase the nutrient availability of the soil
biological pest control
using natural enemies to control pests – think natural ways to keep pests away
physical pest control
removal of pests in a way that involves physical control
chemical pest control
a way that removes pests by altering some chemistry type shit like bioengineering or pesticide
intercropping
growing two or more crops together in the same field, often simultaneously, to enhance resource utilization, pest control, and potentially increase yields compared to monoculture
how is intercroppin pest control
reducing pest populations, disrupting their ability to locate host plants, and promoting beneficial insects that prey on pests.
