Bio Quiz #1

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

-two category system
-plants and animals

Question 2

Why classify organisms - Carl Linnaeus

Answer 2

Classified to see relationships between organisms (which one is more related than others), have better understanding, and save time/energy.

Question 3

Levels of classification mnemonic

Answer 3

King philip came over for great spaghetti

Question 4

What are the levels of classification

Answer 4

1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genius
7. Species

Question 5

binomial nomenclature

Answer 5

-Developed by Carl Linnaeus.
-Definition: A two-part Latin naming system (Genus + species).
-Example: Homo sapiens (humans).
-Importance: Provides a universal standard for naming species, avoiding confusion caused by regional common names.

Question 6

taxonomy

Answer 6

the classification of living organisms

Question 7

dichotomous keys

Answer 7

-tool used to identify species based on their physical characteristics
-has 2 choices to narrow the organisms down to a specific species

Question 8

examples of how knowing species is critical to society

Answer 8

It enables accurate communication, supports medical treatments, aids agriculture, prevents invasive species, and supports ecological and medicinal studies.

Question 9

Scientists define species using 3 main concepts

Answer 9

morphological, biological, phylogenetic

Question 10

morphological species concept definition, advantage, disadvantage

Answer 10

Definition: Focuses on body shape, size, and structural features.

Advantage: Simple, commonly used, especially for plants.

Disadvantage: Deciding how much variation is acceptable can be subjective.

Question 11

Biological species concept

Answer 11

Definition: Species are defined by their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.

Advantage: Widely used for living species.

Disadvantage: Not applicable to:
-Fossil species.
-Asexual organisms.
-Populations separated by physical barriers.

Question 12

phylogenetic species concept

Answer 12

Definition: Defines species based on evolutionary history and DNA analysis.

Advantage: Applicable to extinct species and includes genetic relationships.

Disadvantage: Requires known evolutionary histories, which are not available for all species.

Question 13

Hierarchical Classification

Answer 13

Nested classification organizes species from broad to specific

Question 14

3 concepts scientists use to understand relationships between species

Answer 14

-Anatomical evidence: Physical structures (e.g., bone structures in mammals or bird-like dinosaur fossils) indicate shared evolutionary origins.

-Physiological evidence: Biochemical similarities (e.g., protein differences) reveal genetic relationships, such as guinea pigs being distinct from rodents.

-DNA evidence: Genetic sequences clarify unexpected relationships (e.g., fungi closer to animals than plants).

Question 15

phylogenetic trees

Answer 15

Concept: Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses about evolutionary relationships.

Summary: These diagrams illustrate how species evolved from common ancestors. Branch points indicate evolutionary divergence.

Question 16

history of the 6 kingdom system

Answer 16

1. Initially, only two kingdoms existed: Plants and Animals.
2. The kingdom Protista was added in the 1800s to include single-celled organisms.
3. Bacteria became its own kingdom in the early 1900s when scientists discovered organisms without nuclei.
4. Fungi became a separate kingdom in the 1960s due to their unique traits.
5. In the 1990s, genetic research split the bacterial kingdom into Bacteria and Archaea, forming six kingdoms.

Question 17

what are the 2 major cell types + which domains are they found in?

Answer 17

Prokaryotic Cells: Simple, small, no membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells: Complex, larger, contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic cells are found in Bacteria and Archaea, while eukaryotic cells are in Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

Question 18

resilience

Answer 18

the ability of an ecosystem to
remain functional and stable in the presence of disturbances to its parts

Question 19

autotroph

Answer 19

organism can create its own energy/food

Question 20

heterotroph

Answer 20

organism cannot make its own food

Question 21

structural diversity

Answer 21

a type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural forms in living things, from internal cell structure to body morphology