Zoo Flashcards
What is a Non-Traditional Animal Facility?
Wildlife rehabilitation centre
Game farm
Zoo
Sanctuary
Exotic animal dealer
Q. Do you need a licence to run a zoo in Ontario?
Q. If so, which organizations or agencies are responsible for overseeing or licensing zoos?
A. No
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A. If you own native wildlife the Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNDMNRF) requires you to get a permit for those and they are potentially subject to inspection
Q. Can you legally acquire an endangered and potentially dangerous animal such as a tiger in Ontario?
A. Yes, as long as its provenance is defined, and it was bred in Canada and is not subject to CITES regulations which cover the trade in endangered and threatened species entering or leaving the country
A. Municipalities, especially urban ones, have enacted their own by-laws to prohibit certain species, notably dangerous ones, or permit only named species
What laws cover the care of zoo animals in Ontario?
Jane Goodall Act (pending?)
Animal Welfare Services Act - PAWS
Animal Welfare Services Act - PAWS
- what is included?
Basic standards of care that apply to all animals covered with requirements for:
Adequate and appropriate food, water, medical attention, and care
Ventilation, light, and protection from the elements, including harmful temperatures
Sanitary conditions and space to enable natural movement and exercise
Pens or enclosed structures
Humane euthanasia to minimize pain and distress to animals
Transportation in a manner that ensures an animal’s physical safety and general welfare
Animal Welfare Services Act - PAWS
- exceptions
Accepted practices of agricultural animal care, management, or husbandry
Hunting and fishing covered under other regulations such as the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act
Veterinarians providing care
Animal Welfare Services Act - PAWS
- sections 4, 5, 6, 7 > what do they cover?
- marine mammals?
Section 4 of the Regulations covers Standards of Care for Dogs Tethered Outdoors and includes the requirement that all dogs must be off their tether for at least 60 minutes a day, as well as many other requirements
Section 5 covers wildlife standards of care
Section 6 covers enclosures for wildlife
Section 7 applies to non-human primates
Following those, there are large sections covering marine mammals
Standards of care for captive wildlife under PAWS
- (1) Wildlife kept in captivity must be provided with adequate and appropriate care, facilities, and services to ensure their safety and general welfare…
(2) Wildlife kept in captivity must be provided with a daily routine that facilitates and stimulates natural movement and behaviour
(3) Wildlife kept in captivity must be kept in compatible social groups
<><> - (1) A pen or other enclosed structure or area for wildlife kept in captivity must be of an adequate and appropriate size,
(a) to facilitate and stimulate natural movement and behaviour
Standards for enclosures for captive wildlife
- PAWS
- (1) (b) to enable each animal in the pen… to keep an adequate and appropriate distance from the other animals and people so that it is not psychologically stressed
(c) to ensure that the natural growth of each animal in the pen… is not restricted
<><> - (2) A pen… for wildlife… must have,
(a) features and furnishings that facilitate and stimulate the natural movement and behaviour of each animal in the pen…
(b) shelter… that can accommodate all the animals in the pen… at the same time
<><> - (2) (c) surfaces and other materials that accommodate the natural
movement and behaviour of each animal in the pen…
(d) one or more areas that are out of view of spectators
(e) one or more sleeping areas that can accommodate all the animals in the pen at the same time and… accessible to all the animals at all times
<><> - (3) A pen… for wildlife… must be made of and contain only materials that are,
(a) of a texture and design that will not… injure the animals
(b) safe and non-toxic for the animals
<><> - (4) A pen… for wildlife… must be designed, constructed, and locked or otherwise secured to prevent,
(a) interaction with people that may be unsafe or inappropriate
(b) animals escaping from the pen… by any means
(c) animals or people, other than people who are required to enter the enclosure as part of their duties, from entering the pen
Standards of care for captive primates
- PAWS
- Every primate kept in captivity must be provided with,
(a) daily interaction with a person having custody or care of the primate
(b) a varied range of daily activities, including foraging or task-oriented feeding methods
(c) interactive furnishings, such as perches, swings, and mirrors
Animal Welfare Services Act - PAWS
Failure to provide any of the above is deemed “DISTRESS”. Defined as the state of being:
(a) in need of proper care, water, food, or shelter
(b) injured, sick, in pain or suffering, or
(c) abused or subject to undue physical or psychological hardship, privation, or neglect
what is Critical Distress under PAWS
Where owners have failed to cooperate, or in cases of extreme neglect or apparent cruelty, animals may be considered to be in CRITICAL DISTRESS and the animal(s) may be seized and removed by AWS
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CRITICAL DISTRESS means “distress that requires immediate intervention in order to prevent serious injury or to preserve life”
Animal Welfare Services Act - PAWS
OBLIGATION TO REPORT:
Every veterinarian… who has reasonable grounds to believe that an animal is being abused, being subject to undue physical or psychological hardship, privation or neglect, including by participating in fights with other animals, or is being trained to fight another animal shall report his or her belief to an animal welfare inspector
Roles of a Zoo Veterinarian
- Legislation
- Health and Welfare Assessment
-Preventative Medicine and Surgery - Interventional Medicine and Surgery
- Restraint and Anesthesia
- Pathology
- Research
- Teaching
- Captive Breeding and Reintroduction Programs
- Advice and Expertise (External)
Question - can a “remote area companion animal mobile” facility be used to see all animals in a “roadside zoo”, even though these may include large cats, pigs, ponies, and birds, or would multiple facility designations be required? What about animals requiring hospitalization?
Answer – because our current Minimum Standards for Veterinary Facilities in Ontario do not have a specific category for these types of species, it would be best for the veterinarian to contact the College to discuss what type of veterinary services they wish to provide, the kinds of species, and whether they want to accredit a building or have a mobile.
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New model of accreditation is being piloted
