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3. Comparative > Bird 8 > Flashcards

Bird 8 Flashcards

1
Q

macnification tool for avian microsurgery? when are they particulalry useful?

A

Head loupes (2.5-3x)
- Trade-off between magnification and field of view
- Requires practice

o Always indicated, but particularly for coelomic surgeries

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2
Q

characteristics of miniaturized instruments for birds

A

o Standard length, but miniaturized tip
o Counter-balanced
o Rounded handles
o Arms, hands rest on table

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3
Q

advantage of radiosurgery

A

Finer, less collateral damage than
electrosurgery
o Cut and coag modes
o Monopolar or bipolar

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4
Q

reccomended suture for birds?
-type
- size
- needle
- why is it best?

A

PDS(polydioxanone)recommended
- Monofilament
- Absorbable, but long
- Least reactive
- Not a lot of memory (easy to suture with)

o Size 5-0 (0.1 mm), 6-0 (0.07 mm)
o Taper needle (does not cut) for most applications

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5
Q

how to get feathers out of the way for surgery?

A

Plucking
o Just the right amount
o Keep other feathers away with tape
o Plucking is painful
o DO NOT pluck flight feathers

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6
Q

never pluck what feathers for patient prep

A

DO NOT pluck flight feathers

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7
Q

wound care has same principles as dogs and cats except

A

o Most parrots can remove bandages
o Wounds are not exudative
o Wounds are dry and need to be kept moistened

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8
Q
  • Steps in wound care
A

o Debridement
o Flush
o Primary intention closure (fresh wound, not contaminated)
o Secondary intention closure
- Honey
- Silver sulfadiazine
- Silvasorb gel
- Non-adherent bandages, light bandages

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9
Q

methods of dealing with large wound care

A

Advancement flaps
o Top of skull
o Inguinal web
o Axillary skin

Tension sutures

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10
Q

how do we perform leg band removal? dangers?

A

Mainly small birds
-Go slow and make sure the band does not rotate while cutting
o Can fracture the leg
o May hold other side with plier

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11
Q

4 common reasons for crop surgery

A
  • Ingluviotomy
    o Foreign body retrieval
  • Esophageal tube placement
  • Crop biopsy
    o Upper GI disease
    o Diagnosis of PDD
  • Crop repair
    o Crop burn surgery in baby birds
    o Crop laceration
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12
Q

purpose of esophogeal tube in birds? applications

A

o Pharyngostomy tube
- Birds cannot grab it
o Facilitates frequent feedings
o Upper GI and facial diseases

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13
Q

considerations for crop burn surgery: delay until when? always close how?

A

o Delay surgery until necrotic margins are known (mature fistula)
o Always close the crop separately from the skin

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14
Q

why do perform cloacoplasty? how to suture? drawbacks?

A
  • Persistent cloacal prolapse
    o Transverse sutures (not purse-string)
    o Contra indicated in regular egg layers
    o Irreversible
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15
Q

where to place tube for air sac placement

A

abdonimal air sac

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16
Q

Coeliotomy: different approaches and when they should be used

A
  • Midline
    o Distal oviduct, egg
    o Ventriculus, intestines, cloaca
    o General approach for masses
  • Lateral approaches
    o Surgery in the air sac system
    o Ovary, upper reproductive tract
    o Proventriculus
    o Air sacs
17
Q

Salpingohysterectomy: why may we do this? do we take the ovary out?

A

o Oviductal prolapse/torsion
o Oviductal impaction
o NO ovariectomy in birds!

> if you remove the ovidect, there is no feedback to the ovary and the bird will not lay

18
Q

how do we perform an ovocentesis?

A

Per-cloacally (not through skin)
o Put a forceps into the oviduct and try to open it and visualize the egg
o Then, drill a hole in the egg with a needle
o Aspirate the egg content or enlarge the hole with a hemostat
o Collapse the egg at the same time (negative pressure will help)
o Remove shell piece by piece

19
Q

Sinusotomy: when is it used?

A

Mainly in poultry with granulomatous sinusitis

20
Q

type of birds that commonly geet bumblefoot? how do we treat?

A
  • Falcons and chickens usually
  • Only if foot grossly swollen
  • Debridement
  • Culture
  • Freshen skin edges
  • Close with tension sutures
    (horizontal mattress)
  • Bandages for at least 1 month
21
Q

how to remove bird eye

A

ocular evisceration in birds (vs enucleation)

22
Q

issues with orthopedic surgery in birds, and positive differences

A
  • Main differences
    o Flight is more demanding than walking (wing bone
    repair needs to be near perfect)
    o Bones are more brittle
    o Some bones are pneumatized
    o Birds are small so not all equipment can be used
    o Birds are more resistant to osteomyelitis
    o Only very light constructs should be used
    o Healing is fast (4-6 weeks)
    o Mainly endosteal callus, also subtle healing on radiographs
23
Q

specific equipment for orthopedics in birds

A
  • Small pins
    o Positive threaded small pins
    o Spinal needles
  • Connecting ESF bars
    o PMMA
    (polymethylmethacrylate)
    o FESSA system
24
Q

pros and cons of IM pin for bird orthopedics

A

o Does not counteract rotation
o Enough for transverse factures in small birds
o Easy and fast to do

25
Q

ESF (external skeletal fixator) pros and cons for birds

A

o Does not counteract bending very well
o Can be performed without opening skin
o Difficult to reduce fracture
o Does not interfere with
fracture site (infection)
o Useful also when IM pins are not possible

26
Q
  • IM-ESF tie-in applications for bird orthopedics (pros)
A

oMore rigid than IM
and ESF together
oCounteract all forces
oEasy to apply and cheap

27
Q

bone that cannot be repaired in birds

A

coracoid

28
Q

special equipment needed for avian microsurgery

A
  • Microsurgery requires specialized equipment
    >Magnification, instruments, radio-surgery and retractor
29
Q

what type of placement should we use if a tracheal obstruction?

A

Think air sac tube placement if tracheal obstruction
Similar as left lateral endoscopy approach

30
Q

difference in speed on bird bone healing vs mammal

A
  • Bone healing is fast in birds
31
Q

issue with assessing bone healing for birds

A
  • Bone callous are difficult to see on radiographs (endosteous)

3. Comparative (23 decks)

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