Birds 7 pt 2 Flashcards
how to monitor core body temp in birds un GA? what should we maintain at?
o Esophageal thermometer
o Cloacal thermometer
o Maintain above 37 (normal temperature 38-41)
is ventilatory support needed in birds under GA? why?
Needed because:
o Depressant effect of inhalants
o Increase air resistance of ET tubes
o Hypercapnia is frequent
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation for ventilatory support of birds under GA - how can we do it?
o Manual (bagging) but very often
o Using a ventilator (needs a small one)
o No effect on cardiovascular function in birds
o Do not exceed 10-15 mmHg
is thermal support needed for birds under GA? why?
Needed because:
o High surface/volume ratio
o Oxygen flow is cold
o Plucking and use of alcohol products
thermal support methods for birds under GA
- and how can we minimize the need?
- Conductive heat
o Heating pads
<><> - Convective heat
o Forced warm air (Bair-Hugger)
<><> - Limit thermal loss
o Limit plucking to a minimum
o Limit use of alcohol (use water based products instead) o Heat IV fluids (in line warmer, pre-warm fluids)
o Plasticsurgicaldrapes
is cardiovascular support needed for birds under GA? why?
Needed because:
o Fluid loss from oxygen flow and surgical sites
o Hypotension
o Vehicle for other drugs
methods of cardiovascular support for birds under GA
- Fluids: 10 ml/kg/h
- Colloid boluses: 5-10 ml/kg over 5-10 minutes
- Vasopressors
o Dopamine or norepinephrine (same dose as dogs) - Close monitoring
Common circulatory complications for birds under GA
- Circulatory emergencies
o Emergency drugs, fluid boluses, vasopressors
o Maintain body temperature
o Arrhythmias, give atropine/glycopyrrolate first
common respiratory complications for birds under GA
resp compromise tend to precede what condition in spontaneously breathing birds?
Respiratory emergencies
o ET tube is clogged
- Valve effect, can not exhale
o Pop-off valve is closed
o Respiratory compromise tend to precede cardiac arrest in spontaneously breathing birds
what do we do if a bird is not waking up after GA?
o Do not over-ventilate
o Reverse all drugs
o Check blood glucose, pressure, and body temperature
eye issues under GA and how to avoid
o Corneal ulcerations > Apply eye lube!
recovery steps for birds after GA
- Stop isoflurane and flush the line
- Reverse all drugs
- Make sure you can extubate quickly (cut the tape / Qtips ready)
- Remove catheter (in most cases)
- If not saturating, keep on oxygen flow by
- May need to hold for a bit if flapping
- Keep head up to prevent regurgitation
- Place in an incubator and monitor until fully awake
<><><><> - Becareful:
o Start holding feet of raptors
o Some birds may jump off the table - Ducks, chickens, stressed birds
o Be ready to re-intubate
Air Sac Anesthesia indications
o Procedures on the face,
mouth, trachea
o Tracheal obstruction
- how do we perform air sac anesthesia? where do we place the ET tube?
- what do we lose?
- how will breathing be affected?
- what should isoflurane levels be?
- ET tube placed in a caudal air sac
o Will lose ETCO2
o Will go apneic (CO2 wash-out)
o Lower isoflurane level
should we use the same analgesic plan for all bird species?
Use multimodal analgesic plan and species- specific protocols
