Birds 7 pt 2 Flashcards
how to monitor core body temp in birds un GA? what should we maintain at?
o Esophageal thermometer
o Cloacal thermometer
o Maintain above 37 (normal temperature 38-41)
is ventilatory support needed in birds under GA? why?
Needed because:
o Depressant effect of inhalants
o Increase air resistance of ET tubes
o Hypercapnia is frequent
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation for ventilatory support of birds under GA - how can we do it?
o Manual (bagging) but very often
o Using a ventilator (needs a small one)
o No effect on cardiovascular function in birds
o Do not exceed 10-15 mmHg
is thermal support needed for birds under GA? why?
Needed because:
o High surface/volume ratio
o Oxygen flow is cold
o Plucking and use of alcohol products
thermal support methods for birds under GA
- and how can we minimize the need?
- Conductive heat
o Heating pads
<><> - Convective heat
o Forced warm air (Bair-Hugger)
<><> - Limit thermal loss
o Limit plucking to a minimum
o Limit use of alcohol (use water based products instead) o Heat IV fluids (in line warmer, pre-warm fluids)
o Plasticsurgicaldrapes
is cardiovascular support needed for birds under GA? why?
Needed because:
o Fluid loss from oxygen flow and surgical sites
o Hypotension
o Vehicle for other drugs
methods of cardiovascular support for birds under GA
- Fluids: 10 ml/kg/h
- Colloid boluses: 5-10 ml/kg over 5-10 minutes
- Vasopressors
o Dopamine or norepinephrine (same dose as dogs) - Close monitoring
Common circulatory complications for birds under GA
- Circulatory emergencies
o Emergency drugs, fluid boluses, vasopressors
o Maintain body temperature
o Arrhythmias, give atropine/glycopyrrolate first
common respiratory complications for birds under GA
resp compromise tend to precede what condition in spontaneously breathing birds?
Respiratory emergencies
o ET tube is clogged
- Valve effect, can not exhale
o Pop-off valve is closed
o Respiratory compromise tend to precede cardiac arrest in spontaneously breathing birds
what do we do if a bird is not waking up after GA?
o Do not over-ventilate
o Reverse all drugs
o Check blood glucose, pressure, and body temperature
eye issues under GA and how to avoid
o Corneal ulcerations > Apply eye lube!
recovery steps for birds after GA
- Stop isoflurane and flush the line
- Reverse all drugs
- Make sure you can extubate quickly (cut the tape / Qtips ready)
- Remove catheter (in most cases)
- If not saturating, keep on oxygen flow by
- May need to hold for a bit if flapping
- Keep head up to prevent regurgitation
- Place in an incubator and monitor until fully awake
<><><><> - Becareful:
o Start holding feet of raptors
o Some birds may jump off the table - Ducks, chickens, stressed birds
o Be ready to re-intubate
Air Sac Anesthesia indications
o Procedures on the face,
mouth, trachea
o Tracheal obstruction
- how do we perform air sac anesthesia? where do we place the ET tube?
- what do we lose?
- how will breathing be affected?
- what should isoflurane levels be?
- ET tube placed in a caudal air sac
o Will lose ETCO2
o Will go apneic (CO2 wash-out)
o Lower isoflurane level
should we use the same analgesic plan for all bird species?
Use multimodal analgesic plan and species- specific protocols
should we use cuffed or uncuffed ET tubes for birds?
- Use uncuffed ET tubes and be gentle
when is a mask ok instead of an ET tube for bird GA
- Mask is ok with tiny birds or short procedures
what inhalant anesthetic should we use for birds? what issues should we be aware of
Use isoflurane but be aware of respiratory depression and hypotension
best monitoring tools for birds under GA
Best monitoring tools: your eyes, a stethoscope, a doppler and a microstream capnograph
