Bird 9 pt 2 Flashcards
avian bornavirus is the agent of what diseases?
o **Proventricular dilation disease (PDD)
o Neuropathic gastric dilation
o Macaw wasting disease
bornaviral disease in birds
- what body system
- how common in ontario?
o Neurological disease, mainly of the autonomic system
o Involve an immune-mediated process→neuritis
o Very common infection in Ontario
avian bornavirus clinical signs
o Any combination of neurological and gastrointestinal
signs
o Proventricular dilation and undigested seeds
o Chronic weight loss
o Seizures and other neuro signs (common cause of seizures at the OVC)
avian bornavirus Dx?
do all infected birds develop disease?
o PCR on cloacal swab
- Some infected birds never develop the disease, very long incubation
- Intermittent shedding
o Histopathology
- Crop biopsy (sensitivity of about 60%)
- Typical lymphoplasmacytic neuritis
o Large proventriculus on xray
avian bornavirus Tx
o No specific treatment
o Supportive care
o Highly digestible food
o Reduce inflammation/immune reaction
o Treat seizures
West Nile Virus
- agent
- species susceptibility
- Flavivirus, RNA virus
o Arbovirus: Culex spp.
<><> - Species susceptibility
o Passerines
o Raptors
o Corvids
o Other birds too, but less prominent
west nile virus clinical signs and lesions
o Neurological
o Ophthalmic: chorioretinitis
o Myocarditis very common in raptors (especially hawks)
west nile virus diagnosis, treatment
- Diagnosis
o PCR - Viremia is short and precedes clinical signs
- Virus shedding slightly longer in saliva
- On tissues (especially kidneys)
o Paired serology
o Histopathology and IHC
(especially on heart)
<><> - Treatment
o Supportive care
o Meloxicam
Aspergillosis
- type of fungus?
- where found
- type of pathogen
- contagiousness
- Saprophytic fungus
o A. fumigatus, flavus, niger
o Ubiquitous in environment
o Opportunistic pathogens
o Not contagious
aspergillosis
- susceptible species
o Arctic and Northern raptor species
o Some juvenile birds (RTH, golden eagle, duck chicks)
o Penguins
o Some parrots: African grey
o Pelagic birds
aspergillosis risk factors
o Some substrates: hay, straw, corn
o Immune status: neoplasia, circovirus, use of corticosteroids
o Poor ventilation, humid and hot
aspergillosis 3 main forms
o Acute lung form
o Chronic lung-air sac form
o Tracheal/syringeal form
Aspergillosis clinical signs
o Respiratory signs, but not always
o Chronic weight loss and anorexia
o Decreased fitness
aspergillosis diagnosis
o CBC: strong leukocytosis
o Radiographs/CT: opacities in lung/air sac system
o Coelioscopy
> Gold standard
> Take biopsy for cytology and culture the fungus
aspergillosis Tx
o Antifungals
- Triazoles: itraconazole, voriconazole
(not fluconazole)
- Allylamines: terbinafine
- Polyenes: amphotericin B
o Combination of drugs
o Combination of routes (IV, PO, nebulization)
