Bird 4 pt 2 Flashcards
nebulization for drug administration
Advantages, properties
- what dose and where?
- absorption properties?
- useful for what anatomic areas?
- how does it affect air/mucus?
o High dose locally in respiratory system
o Limit systemic absorption
- Biotransformation of drugs
- Toxicity
o Useful for poorly perfused areas
- Air sacs
- Granulomatous lesions
o Humidifies air (mucus clearance)
particle size for nebulization
o Particle size matters
- Air capillaries
diameter: 3-10 μm
what type of drugs are used with nebulizers?
o Bronchodilators
Aminophylline, terbutaline
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o Antibiotics
Amikacin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin
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o Antifungals
Amphotericin B, enilconazole, clotrimazole
how does bird dosing of antibiotics compare to dog dosing?
Birds require higher doses and more frequently
are pharmacokinetics for drugs the same accross bird species?
NO
* Each species has its own pharmacokinetics
* Need to rely on species-specific PK studies
* Formulary books are available
glucocorticoids in birds
- what re their effects?
- what do they do?
- issues that can arise?
- when to use
- when to avoid
o All birds are cortico-sensitive
o Severely immunosuppressed
- Aspergillosis
- Candidiasis
- Opportunistic bacterial infection
o Diabetes mellitus / polyuria
o Do not use except in very particular cases
- Doses are low: prednisolone 0.1-0.2 mg/kg
o No steroid ointment under any circumstances
bandage for Humerus, pectoral girdle
Body wrap
bandage for forearm (radius, ulna, carpometacarpus)
Figure-eight
bandage for femur
no bandage
bandage options for tibiotarsus
Modified Robert-Jones
Syringe case splinting
Tape splint (<200g birds)
bandage for tarsometatarsus
Modified Robert-Jones Splinting
Tape splint (<200g birds)
bandage options for foot
Interdigital bandage
Ball bandage
Silicone shoe
euthanasia in pet birds
- is it common?
- protocol?
- Rarely needed in pet birds
o Tend to die on their own
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o Owner present - Pentobarbital
- 1-2 drops oral for sedation, followed by IV
- WARN the owner that IV are difficult in birds and may require several times
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o Owner not present - Mask-anesthesia with isoflurane
- IV of KCl (1mL/kg) if going for PM (less artefacts)
- IV of pentobarbital
blood collection from birds
- where is most common
- how much to take
RIGHT jugular vein (most common)
Maximum 1% of bird’s weight
if IV is too difficult, what other option do we have in birds?
If IV difficult, think IO (but not in a pneumatized bone!)
