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Science > Yr9 Life Processes - Plant & Animal > Flashcards

Yr9 Life Processes - Plant & Animal Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is attributes does a plant cell have?

A

The cell is rectangle, it has a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplast and large vacuoles.

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2
Q

What attributes does an animal cell have?

A

The cell is circular, it doesn’t have a cell wall and chloroplast but does have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and small vacuoles.

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3
Q

Describe cell membrane and explain its function.

A

A thin envelope around the cell that controls the entry and exit of substances into the cell.

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4
Q

Describe nucleus and explain its function.

A

A dark dense sphere that controls the activities of the cell.

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5
Q

Describe cytoplasm and explain its function.

A

A jelly like substance that fills the cell where many important reactions take place

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6
Q

Describe cell wall and explain its function.

A

Made of strong fibers that make a rigid wall and supports the plants

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7
Q

Describe chloroplast and explain its function.

A

A structure which contains chlorophyll and makes food for plant photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Describe mitochondria and explain its function.

A

The organelle where respiration occurs, it carries out the process of respiration.

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9
Q

Describe vacuole and explain its function.

A

A bag of liquids that stores substances.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of a wide blade?

A

Captures maximum sunlight.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of a thin lead?

A

Allows maximum light penetration.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of a vein network?

A

Supports leaf and supplies water from roots and moved sugar to the rest of the plant.

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13
Q

Why is the leaf green?

A

Chlorophyll is present to trap light energy .

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14
Q

What is the purpose of pores in the leaf

A

Allows CO2 to move in and out of the leaf

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a cuticle (waxy surface)?

A

Prevent excessive water loss from epidermis by covering up any holes between the cells and keeps all the water inside.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of strong petiole?

A

Holds leaf up to sunlight.

17
Q

What is the purpose of the Epidermis layer cells?

A

Protect/support the leaf and also makes the waxy surface

18
Q

What is the purpose of the palisade layer cells?

A

Contains lots of chlorophyll for trapping sunlight energy

19
Q

What is the purpose of the spongy layer cells?

A

Contains fewer chloroplasts than the palisade layer because the light is weaker. Also has air space to allow gas flow.

20
Q

What is the purpose of the guard cells?

A

Located in the epidermis. control the size of the stomata regulated by water content.

21
Q

How many guards cells are there?

A

2 guard cells per stomata.

22
Q

What are the stomata?

A

A hole to allow gasses to enter the leaf, controlled by the guard cell.

23
Q

What is the purpose of roots?

A

To keep the plant stable, absorb nutrients and water.

24
Q

What is the purpose of root hairs?

A

To take the nutrients and water to the root.

25
Q

In the presence of iodine, what colour will the white (no starch) part of the leaf turn?

A

Brown/orange

26
Q

In the presence of iodine, what colour will the green (starch )part of the leaf turn?

A

Black/blue

27
Q

What is the petiole?

A

The stalk that attaches the leaf to the plant.

28
Q

What are the two parts of the vein?

A

Xylem and phloem.

29
Q

What is the function of the phloem?

A

Transports food and minerals.

30
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

Transports water and nutrients.

31
Q

How do you test a leaf with iodine?

A

Heat the leaf in boiling water then in boiling ethanol. Wash the leaf and drip iodine onto it.

32
Q

Where are the chloroplasts located?

A

In the Palisade mesophyll layer.

33
Q

Why are the stomata on the bottom of the leaf?

A

Top of the leaf is adapted to take in light and the bottom is used to take in CO2. This efficiently uses the area of a leaf.

34
Q

what is the purpose of having small leaves?

A

Small leaves have a reduced surface area to enable plants to conserve water. Eg. pine needles have a small surface area and so looses very little water.

35
Q

Define respiration.

A

Creating useful energy from food.

Science (33 decks)

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