Yr 10 - Reproduction and Genetics

Question 1

[Question 1] Define variation

Answer 1

The differences between individuals in a population

Question 2

[Question 1] Define Acquired Characteristics

Answer 2

Characteristics that is only caused by the environment the individual is exposed to

Question 3

[Question 1] Define Inherited Characteristics

Answer 3

Characteristics that is only caused by the alleles inherited from parents

Question 4

[Question 1] Define Discrete

Answer 4

Variation that is easily classified into distinct groups. Eg: mouse color

Question 5

[Question 1] Define Continuous

Answer 5

Variation that is not easily classified into distinct groups. Eg: mouse mass

Question 6

[Question 2] Define gamete

Answer 6

Sex cell

Question 7

[Question 2] Define zygote

Answer 7

Fertilised egg cell

Question 8

[Question 2] What are the human zygote cells?

Answer 8

Male = Sperm. Female = egg

Question 9

[Question 2] How many chromosomes does a gamete have?

Answer 9

23

Question 10

[Question 2] What do two gametes form?

Answer 10

A diploid zygote with 46 chromosomes. This develops into an embryo (ball of cells)

Question 11

[Question 2] What happens if you are missing some chromosomes or have extra

Answer 11

If you have extra chromosomes it is called monosomy. If you have missing chromosomes it is called trisomy. Both of these are caused by an error in cell division and result in genetic disorders.

Question 12

[Question 3] Explain gender

Answer 12

Chromosome pair 23 is responsible for the sex of a human. In males it is xy and females is xx

Question 13

[Question 4] Relationship between gene and allele

Answer 13

A gene is a section of a chromosome that codes for one characteristic. An allele is a version of a gene, we have two alleles of every gene.

Question 14

[Question 4] Difference between a dominant and recessive allele

Answer 14

A dominant allele always shows even if it is only present once (BB, Bb). A recessive allele will only show if it is present twice (bb).

Question 15

Define ACTG

Answer 15

adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Make up DNA. a&t, c&g

Question 16

Chromosome, DNA, gene & protein analogy

Answer 16

DNA are letters of a book, chromosomes are the chapters and genes are the paragraphs. Chromosomes are groups of genes that are made up of DNA and produce protein.

Question 17

Define homozygous

Answer 17

Genotype with two of the same alleles

Question 18

Define heterozygous

Answer 18

Genotype with one dominant and one recessive allele

Question 19

Define genome

Answer 19

It is the complete instructions of individual cells

Question 20

What happens in cross-pollination?

Answer 20

• Unable to preserve all useful characteristics as they are diluted
• plants are better suited to change due to variation
• can create new races, varieties and species

Question 21

What happens in self-pollination

Answer 21

• Useful characteristics are able to be preserved
• unable to adapt to the environment because no variation
• can not create new races, varieties, and species

Question 22

What are the types of seed dispersal

Answer 22

Wind, water, explosive, and animal

Question 23

Define phenotype

Answer 23

The physical expression of a gene

Question 24

Insected pollinated flower characteristics

Answer 24

• large, bright petals
• scented
• nectar
• some sticky pollen
• firm anther inside the flower
• stigma inside the flower
• stigma is sticky

Question 25

Wind pollenated flower characteristics

Answer 25

• small, dull petals
• no scent
• no nectar
• lots of light pollen
• loose anthers
• stigma hangs out of flower
• stigma like a net

Question 26

female part of a flower

Answer 26

Pistol(stigma,style,ovary)

Question 27

Male part of flower

Answer 27

stamen(anther/filament)

Question 28

Protects the flower

Answer 28

Sepal

Question 29

Pollen created and stored

Answer 29

stamen(anther/filament)

Question 30

Nector produced

Answer 30

ovary

Question 31

Define Genotype

Answer 31

The allele an individual has for a characteristic

Question 32

Define genetic carrier

Answer 32

A carrier (or hereditary carrier) is an individual who has no signs of the disease, but carriers the recessive allele

Question 33

Diagram

Answer 33

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