Yr 10 - Reproduction and Genetics Flashcards
[Question 1] Define variation
The differences between individuals in a population
[Question 1] Define Acquired Characteristics
Characteristics that is only caused by the environment the individual is exposed to
[Question 1] Define Inherited Characteristics
Characteristics that is only caused by the alleles inherited from parents
[Question 1] Define Discrete
Variation that is easily classified into distinct groups. Eg: mouse color
[Question 1] Define Continuous
Variation that is not easily classified into distinct groups. Eg: mouse mass
[Question 2] Define gamete
Sex cell
[Question 2] Define zygote
Fertilised egg cell
[Question 2] What are the human zygote cells?
Male = Sperm. Female = egg
[Question 2] How many chromosomes does a gamete have?
23
[Question 2] What do two gametes form?
A diploid zygote with 46 chromosomes. This develops into an embryo (ball of cells)
[Question 2] What happens if you are missing some chromosomes or have extra
If you have extra chromosomes it is called monosomy. If you have missing chromosomes it is called trisomy. Both of these are caused by an error in cell division and result in genetic disorders.
[Question 3] Explain gender
Chromosome pair 23 is responsible for the sex of a human. In males it is xy and females is xx
[Question 4] Relationship between gene and allele
A gene is a section of a chromosome that codes for one characteristic. An allele is a version of a gene, we have two alleles of every gene.
[Question 4] Difference between a dominant and recessive allele
A dominant allele always shows even if it is only present once (BB, Bb). A recessive allele will only show if it is present twice (bb).
Define ACTG
adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Make up DNA. a&t, c&g
Chromosome, DNA, gene & protein analogy
DNA are letters of a book, chromosomes are the chapters and genes are the paragraphs. Chromosomes are groups of genes that are made up of DNA and produce protein.
Define homozygous
Genotype with two of the same alleles
Define heterozygous
Genotype with one dominant and one recessive allele
Define genome
It is the complete instructions of individual cells
What happens in cross-pollination?
- Unable to preserve all useful characteristics as they are diluted
- plants are better suited to change due to variation
- can create new races, varieties and species
What happens in self-pollination
- Useful characteristics are able to be preserved
- unable to adapt to the environment because no variation
- can not create new races, varieties, and species
What are the types of seed dispersal
Wind, water, explosive, and animal
Define phenotype
The physical expression of a gene
Insected pollinated flower characteristics
- large, bright petals
- scented
- nectar
- some sticky pollen
- firm anther inside the flower
- stigma inside the flower
- stigma is sticky
