Yr 10 - Bases and Acids

Question 1

Define acid

Answer 1

An acid is an aqueous solution which has a ph of less than 7. All acids need electrons as they have an excess of Hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 2

Define base

Answer 2

A base is an oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate of a metal, and can be used to neutralize an acid. Bases need to loose electrons as they have excess hydrogen ions (-OH)

Question 3

Define alkali

Answer 3

An alkali is a base which has dissolved in water and has a pH greater than 7. Alkali all need protons as they have excess hydrogen ions (-OH)

Question 4

Difference between alkali and base

Answer 4

An alkali is a type of base that is soluble in water

Question 5

What is the pH scale

Answer 5

The potential of hydrogen is a range from 0 -14 that indicates whether the solution is acidic or alkali.

Question 6

What is litmus paper

Answer 6

Litmus paper comes in red or blue form, it represents whether the solution is acidic, alkali or neutral. Acidic will make it red, alkali is blue and neutral is no change.

Question 7

What is universal indicator (UI)

Answer 7

UI shows us exactly the pH of the solution. Red is strong acids, dark purple for bases and green for neutral.

Question 8

Why is UI better than litmus

Answer 8

UI is better because it shows the exact reading of the pH, litmus only indicates whether it is acidic or base. ``

Question 9

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 9

H¹⁺Cl¹⁻

Question 10

Sulfuric acid

Answer 10

H¹⁺₂SO²⁻₄

Question 11

Nitric acid

Answer 11

H¹⁺NO¹⁻₃

Question 12

Ethanoic acid

Answer 12

CH₃COO¹⁻

Question 13

Sodium Hydroxide

Answer 13

Na¹⁺OH¹⁻

Question 14

Ammonia

Answer 14

NH¹⁺₄

Question 15

Reaction of metal carbonates with acids structure

Answer 15

metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 16

Reaction of metal oxide with acid structure

Answer 16

metal oxide + acid -> salt + water

Question 17

Reaction of base and acid structure (neutralisation)

Answer 17

base + acid -> salt + water

Question 18

What is acid and base concentration?

Answer 18

Concentration refers to the number of moles per volume are contained within the solution. It also applies to how much of the acid or base is contained within the solution

Question 19

What is acid and base strength?

Answer 19

How much of the acid or bases ions are released in a solution. Ionising balancing the number of electrons.

Question 20

Acid properties

Answer 20

pH lower than 7
sour taste
corrosive
leaves a sticky residue

Question 21

Base/alkali properties

Answer 21

Slippery textures
pH higher than 7
Quite foamy
No smell
Bitter taste